If you are a PURE researcher and have zero interest in obtaining financial reward of your work, then you do not need to patent your innovations. Just share your innovation with the rest of the research community and enrich our scientific knowledge.
I am not so sure if you can copyright your research work, because you can only copyright the expression of your research, not the experimental design/method and any factual observation of your research.
Copyright and patent right are in two parallel universes and should not be applied to the same subject matter.
If you want to profit from your research, then by all means patent your research work if 1) a patent practitioner concludes that your research is WORTH patenting (most research work does not turn out profitable when the dust settles); 2) you have the wherewithal to cover the cost of patenting your work.
I agree with Feng Tian. You firstly need to know whether your research can be converted into a commercialized product or model ? If your are positive then go ahead, the Patent attorney will help you out in this regards of filing a patent. If you think your research is not viable for commercialization then publishing or discussing it on global forums such as conferences or journals or groups will help you gain research recognition. Hope this helps. All the best.
To obtain a patent it is necessary that 1) the research generates a product; 2) the product can be used for an industral application (every type of industrial use, agrarian industry included).
In every case, the distinctive factor to obtain the patent is the circumstance that in connection with the research an industrial process will be powered or not.