Good day, Mahnaz Gholami! Hope you are doing well.
I am not an expert on that field, however, I've found some words on that topic, dedicated to functionalization with the fluidized-bed reactor:
"A known amount of silica (125 g, ∼500ml) was first fluidised in the reactor. The fluidisation air velocity was set to 0.08m s−1, which is largely higher than the complete fluidisation velocity of the mixture (i.e. the air velocity required to homogeneously fluidise the two classes of particles). This latter was estimated by the correlation proposed by Zergueras (1996) to be 0.03m s−1. When the temperature of fluidising air reached the desired value (110 ◦C), alumina carrier particles already containing a known quantity of reagent were added to the reactor. The amount of reagent added with respect to silica was fixed at 48% (w/w) for GPTMS and 24% (w/w) for APTES. Silica samples were removed from the reactor during the fluidisation for analysis. In order to minimise the change of temperature due to adding the reagent, alumina carrier particles were put in a small hermetic vessel and kept inside an oven at the same temperature as the operation (110 ◦C). In doing so, the temperature variations of the fluidised-bed reactor did not exceed ±3 ◦C during a period of 1–2min. In addition, in order to avoid disturbing the conditions of the silica powder modification, the particles of alumina withdrawn while sampling were systematically sieved and recycled rapidly into the reactor".
Link: Article Functionalisation of porous silica powders in a fluidised-be...
Feel free to mention me in your response in case of any extra questions.
Best of luck in your research!
Freedom to Iranian democracy!
Yours sincerely,
M. Sc. Vadym Chibrikov
Department of Microstructure and Mechanics of Biomaterials
Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences
There are a number of standard protocols. They can be found on p 21 of the attached. The most efficient for nanoparticles is by using cyclic azasilanes although they are secondary, rather than primary, amines. See: Facile Surface Modification of Hydroxylated Silicon Nanostructures using Heterocyclic Silanes (attached)