When using one of the nano particle to inhibit the growth of the fungus Aspergillus flavus on the culture medium PDA, the lower concentration gave better inhibition rates than the higher concentration, please help me find out the reason?
Generally, lower concentration lowers the chances of nanoparticle agglomeration, which is an important aspect to look into. Using some agents, the concentration may go up to 5% or little more but not too high, as in that case, the agglomeration is unavoidable.
You can refer to review papers on it and also my paper in my profile published in Applied Thermal Engineering Journal in 2016.
Dear Kamal El- Daher, usually in this field the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) is used as a reference point. Not all situations obey to the redults you are deriving, in other cases such as silver NP, the inhibition increases with concentration. The main reason is whether the NP maintain their stability or not, if they are stable enough low concentration is needed, and if not high concentration is needed. The first feature in question is the specific surface area of NP's which determines the level of interaction with fungy or bacteria. My Regards
I agree with Ravi Sharma that lower concentration lowers the chances of agglomeration of nanoparticles. Also, the better dispersion of nanoparticles in aqueous solution occurs at a lower concentration. The very high concentration of nanoparticles may have chances of settling down in aqueous solutions which will not uniformly affect the properties you are looking for.
We noticed from our green synthesis method lower concentration of the extract and salts will also lead to lower agglomeration which is the positive way to look.
I suspect that the effect is through the metal ions, e.g. silver. Curious, whether this is due to Ostwald ripening, when there is a competition between contact of silver ions with fungi and with larger growing silver particles ???
I thank all the professors and researchers who answered my question .. Really the answers were wonderful and logical .. My appreciation to you and my respect.