Journal Editors do learn from experience which countries and universities and even researchers produce good output. Although this may colour their first impression, it is the content that dictates whether the Editor accepts, rejects or asks for changes. An Editor may recognise a name in the field. This results only in a "Ah yes, I remember that name" reaction.
However, the biggest turn-off for an Editor is to find grammar and spelling errors in the submission. If the researcher does not care, how bad will the other important detail be? (The trouble is often that you think your English is perfect, but your question reveals it is not.)
Is there any effect of the author names and affiliation on the editor decision???
According to this from, the answer will be yes.
Once you submit the manuscript to the journal, the editor will check the publication record of the authors (at least the corresponding) as will as the institution.
Keep in mind every journal receives high number of manuscript more than its publication capacity. Thus some journal reject the manuscript just for this reason, in some case the rejection rate reach 75%.
Now, the question is which paper the editor will reject 1- this with well known author name and well known affiliation OR 2-this comes from authors with no publication history.
If the paper is well written, and the ideas in it contribute to the body of research in this area, and if the paper's content is in the range of the journal's coverage, then , usually the paper is accepted for publication ( if the reviewers's decision is to accept the paper). Nevertheless, sometimes a paper meets all the requirements, but is rejected without even been sent to reviewers, and one wonders why....
Some editors see that strength of research is based on the authors names/ country of the authors. Researchers from developed country usually work in newest topics, use most recent resources, full availability of equipment, as well as they give the scientific research a greater value in their academic life than some countries which are still in the first step of research world.
Your question, and the other answers, seems to imply a bias against researchers from developing economies. While editors are only human, and may indeed develop expectations based on previous submissions from certain countries/universities/research groups.
From experience, I would like to add two observations:
1. these connotations also apply to developed economies. Certain fields are either less developed as academic topics in certain countries/universities, or have strong traditions (about how to approach research) which may not align with the scope of a journal (too theoretical/practical, too quantitative/qualitative, etc.)
2. there definitely is a reverse effect as well. Most journals strive to be truly global. (this is for instance one of the criteria in assessing inclusion of a journal in the ISI impact factor list). Hence, good papers coming from countries, not frequently represented within the journal, may be treated more favourably by editors than papers by 'the usual suspects'.
Sorry if I'm a bit late to this discussion, but in my experience, no, the authors' country of residence should not make a difference. I'm Deputy Editor on one journal and on the Editorial Boards of three other journals. In addition, I regularly review 20-30 manuscripts per year.
I'm in the process of drawing up guidelines to an editorial board on when to send articles out for review and when not to. This is still in its early stages, but the key things I'm looking for are.
Is the work novel? (This may be a little subjective, but an Editorial Board is generally drawn from experts in the field, so we normally have some idea of recent developments).
Can the article be understood? I don't get too hung up about the quality of the prose when reviewing an article, but it at least has to be understandable.
Is there a discussion? I see increasing numbers of manuscripts where results are simply presented with no (or minimal) discussion. This wouldn't be acceptable in an undergraduate dissertation and nor should it be acceptable in a paper.
Having side this, I can only really comment for my field and on the conversations I've had with colleagues.
Unfortunately yes... I had similar experience when i trief to submit the exact same article with two different affiliations! And how different were the two responses!