This not really an answer but look for ImageJ - a nice little Java based freeware that enable one to measure many things on an image - and there is a lot of literature on "how-to" on-line.

Yoram

http://www.amazon.co.uk/Computer-Technology-Industries-Publishing-Nutrition/dp/0857090364

Review of the book:

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijfs.12106/abstract

Person book , it is a good book to analyze food sectors, this book collect a lot of methods (carbohydrate, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants

I am not sure what you mean by "methods of measuring the size, volumn, and shape of food". If you mean exactly the methods for measuring these statistics of food, this question is not related to computer science or image processing.

If you mean the image processing techniques required for the measurement of food in a food image, I recommend you to read related articles published by the following group.

https://www.hal.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/lab/en?lang=en

This group have been doing image- and video-based food-related researches for many years. Maybe you need at first read some of their earlier publications to get the basic idea of what is going on.

you can extract the feature of regular shape and size of food item in food images via MATLAB and there you can use computational geometry to estimate the volume of the food

The book of Gonzalez and Woods is very nice, the approach isn't processing image to food, but the ideas are very easy and possibles to apply on your goal.

http://www.imageprocessingplace.com/DIP-3E/dip3e_main_page.htm

https://moodlequiz.polymtl.ca/pluginfile.php/63884/mod_page/content/4/Digital%20Image%20Processing%203rd%20ed.%20-%20R.%20Gonzalez,%20R.%20Woods.pdf

You can consult our forthcoming books where you have all answers what you asked.

Engineering Properties of Foods 4th edition. It will be available by April 2014.

Good luck.

I have two interesting and useful pubblications. best regards Lisa

The second one

The file is here!