Russian is an example of a language totally devoid of any articles. There are different ways of expressing categories of definiteness and indefiniteness, such as using demonstrative and indefinite pronouns. Sometimes the word order can be suggestive of whether the noun is perceived by the speaker as definite or indefinite. In some regional varieties of Russian speakers tend to add a demonstrative pronoun after a noun where it is not grammatically required, which is seen by some linguists as a case of historically underdeveloped article.

Russian is an example of a language totally devoid of any articles. There are different ways of expressing categories of definiteness and indefiniteness, such as using demonstrative and indefinite pronouns. Sometimes the word order can be suggestive of whether the noun is perceived by the speaker as definite or indefinite. In some regional varieties of Russian speakers tend to add a demonstrative pronoun after a noun where it is not grammatically required, which is seen by some linguists as a case of historically underdeveloped article.

Dear Hazim,

Finnish has no (definite or indefinite) articles. The sense of definiteness or indefiniteness can be conveyed by words such as "this", "that", "any", etc., and to some extent by the word order.

Thank you very much Pekko for this marvellous information. Hazim.

Dear Irina,

Thank you very much for this marvellous valuable information.these details about Russian will contribute a lot in the way the concept of definiteness and indefiniteness are treated in Russian.

Dear Hazim

Malayalam, a Dravidian language heavily mixed with Sanskrit (an IE language) does not have equivalent of the English article. Please see

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vX9Vk95OqNoC&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64&dq=Definite+article+in+Malayalam&source=bl&ots=V1RMJVvGPF&sig=nCr3NZ726gXfFgGXNVqYWLhqVOk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiXq_K3gZ_bAhUEs48KHd2FDmIQ6AEIUTAE#v=onepage&q=Definite%20article%20in%20Malayalam&f=false

Narayanan

Thank you very much , Narayanan for the nice link you shared. Best regards.

Hello,

Languages are not alike in their treatment of inflections ( bound and free morphemes). Consequently, languages are classified based on their morphological behaviour into such types as isolating, agglutinating, synthetic, incorporating and infixing languages, which greatly differ in the way they treat morphemes. Articles bening regarded as free morphemes may be treated differently in different languages. For instance, in Persian as opposed to English, articles are sometimes dropped. As a case in point, in certain requests (e.g., What is your mother?), the answer is ( My mother is nurse.*).This production , of course is erroneous in English.

Best regards,

R. Biria

Thank you very much, R. Biria for your nice answer. This information is really very useful. Best regards.

Of the small group of languages I have come across, Japanese, Latin, and Turkish all lack articles. Doubtless many others also do.

Thank you, Michal for your answer. This information is really interesting. Hazim.

Turkish actually has an indefinite article but no definite article. People are sometimes mislead into believing it has none, because the one it has has the same shape as the word for "one" (bir), from which it is derived. Its use, positioning, and phonetic accretion (bir > bi) however, attest to the fact that it is a true article. Most (but not all) Turkic languages have the same.

Thank you very much, Nicholas for this nice information. Hazim.

Sindhi language, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Siraiki in south Asian region do not carry article. These languages are different in structure than English.

Thank you very much, Ajab Ali Lashari for this very useful information. Hazim.

Latvian does not have definite or indefinite articles, instead, the definite aspect can be indicated by endings of adjectives.

For example, "the red hat" can be translated as "sarkanā cepure" (sg.f.). The ending -ā is definite for feminine nouns. For masculine nouns the ending would be -ais, as in "sarkanais mētelis" (sg.m) – "the red coat". The ending for plural nouns (both m. and f.) would be -ie as in "sarkanie mēteļi(pl.m.)" – "the read coats".

Also words like "this", "that" can be used.

Thank you very much, Sandra for this marvellous information. Hazim.

Arabic language has definite and indefinite articles. They are placed before the nouns. The purpose of the articles is to limit or determine the nouns as they do that in English. In Arabic, indefinite articles are written but not spoken, on the contrary definite articles are written and spoken. My best regards.

Thank you very much, Marwan for your interesting answer. Best regards. Hazim.

Thank you very much, Sanda for the marvellous information in your answer. Hazim.

In Arabic, the definite article /?l/ is introduced before the noun for identification. It is spoken if it is annexed before letters grouped in the Arabic word / kemer/ shich means (moon) and termed moon letters. On the other hand,/?l/ is not pronounced if it is annexed before letters grouped in the Arabic word (shams) shich refers to the(sun). There is another/?l/ that can be added to proper nouns termed( el kamaliyah), but it does not contribute to the identification of proper nouns because they are already identified.; they are the most identifiable expressions. It is only used sith proper nouns for aesthetic purposes as in words such as ( ?l Hasan) and (?l Hussein) respectively. The indefinite article in Arabic, however, is also used in Arabic to refer to indefinite nouns as in ( waladun) which means ( a boy); the indefinite article is written and spoken except when there is a pause at the end of a sentence. It is also marked for case( nominative, accusative and genitive).

No, all languages don't have article system.

Thank gou, Ajab for your answer. I understand from your answer that some langhages don't have systems of articles since many languages do. Best regards.

No, perhaps all languages don't have article system.

Interesting question and great answers because it increases my knowledge of this field.

Thank you very much, Isam for your answer. Exchanging views adds a lot of knowledge and experience for people interested in research in various fields of knowledge. Best regards. Hazim.

Interesting and useful discussion.

Thank you very much, Ahmed for adding your answer. Hazim.

Each language has own rules of articles.

Thanks for the discussion .

No

The languages with a definite article are, english, french, spanish, portuguise, italian, german, swidish, norwigean, danish, dutch, greek, arabic, and africaans. The rest don’t.

No, but I have seen article in english, french, spanish, italian, german, snd arabic.

Dear Hazim Al Dilaimy,

Articles are among the most common words in many languages; in English, for example, the most frequent word isthe. Articles are usually categorized as either definite or indefinite. A few languages with well-developed systems of articles may distinguish additional subtypes.

Article Why language really is not a communication system: A cogniti...

Regards,

Shafagat

I suppose that Articles are among the most common words in many languages; in English, for example, the most frequent word is the. Articles are usually categorized as either definite or indefinite. A few languages with well-developed systems of articles may distinguish additional subtypes.