I'm using a solution of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOD) to absorb the energy from a visible light source. The bandgap of GOD is 2.3 eV, the light source intensity is 40W/cm2. So how can I know how many photons which my solution have absorbed?
What is the spectral power distribution of your light source? What is the spectral absorption distribution of your PV material? To get even an approximate answer you will need both of these, expressed perhaps as photons per nanometer bandwidth at some wavelength L. Then you convolve the two distributions, integrate, and this should give you your answer. But it will only be as accurate as your input data.
I obtained the absorption spectra already. but for the spectral power distribution of light source I'm contacting with the company to ask them. Suppose if I already have power spectra, I can calculate the number of photons emitted per second as E = hv right?
Then how can I calculate the number of photon which a compund solution has absorbed from the absorption spectra and E?
Further Tony's suggestion, you can measure the spectral power distribution of your light source using a calibrated CCD spectrophometer. The calibration file can be obtained from the supplier or do it by yourself if there is a standard ligjt source available in your lab.