As you have rightly said, child maltreatment is a multifaceted concept. Researchers are finding it difficult to provide a generally accepted definition or practice guide to intervene or protect children vulnerable to maltreatment. A current development to this challenge is that, researchers are trying to develop country or culturally specific guidelines for practice. For instance, the US has a child abuse prevention and treatment guide and the Australian National framework for protecting children. You can check these policy documents for insight.

Thanks dear colleague for your valuable input !

Child abuse [or child abuse] or child abuse is any physical, sexual or ill-treatment of the child's neglect. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States have defined child abuse as an act or group of acts committed by a parent or caregiver that has caused, or threatens to harm, a child's physical, sensory or moral harm. Child abuse is to be practiced at home, in organizations, in schools, or in any of the communities in which the child interacts. There are four main categories of child abuse: neglect, physical abuse, psychological or moral abuse, sexual assault. Child abuse causes physical and psychological illnesses. Assault on children of all kinds is absolutely unacceptable at all times, everywhere and in all cultures.

Thanks for your inputs. One additional tool to improve how societies handle child abuse is to better prepare the future generations of Pediatrics Healthcare Workers , like Pediatric residents andand nursing staff , as well as social services who can better recognize and manage child maltreatment.