Dear Dr. Abdeljalil Chougradi ,

in many sectors the SEM is the most used technique in different types of characterizations.

This is also valid in the case of reverse osmosis membranes, as you can see in the following documents, although the use of other support instruments (e.g. FT-IR Spectrophotometer) can be very useful.

-Foulant Analysis of Three RO Membranes Used inTreating Simulated Brackish Water of theIraqi Marshes

Dawood Eisa Sachit and John N. Veenstra

Membranes,7, 23 (2017)

Available at: https://www.google.it/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjJ4uj9pPbtAhXS_KQKHSuLCBwQFjADegQIBRAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F2077-0375%2F7%2F2%2F23%2Fpdf&usg=AOvVaw2yFrEFhvegPc4yj7S9_T8U

-Characterization of Membrane Foulants in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination

David A. Ladner, Mark M. Clark.

Desalination and Water Purification Research and Development Program Report No. 142 (2009)

Available at: https://www.usbr.gov/research/dwpr/reportpdfs/report142.pdf

-REAL-TIME OBSERVATION OF FOULING INMEMBRANE FILTRATION BY NON-INVASIVEULTRASONIC TECHNIQUES

J Li, RD Sanderson, MJ Hurndall,DK Hailbauer and VY Hailbauer-Zadorozhnaya

Report to the WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION (2004)

Available at: http://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/1166-1-041.pdf

Best regards, Pierluigi Traverso.

The sample must to be dry for SEM measurement, and so the appearance of fouling layers may be changed after a dry process. In my opinion, large depth-of-field microscope (e.g., Keyence, VHX-6000) is a better approach for fresh sample measurement.

Dear Dr. Abdeljalil Chougradi ,

in many sectors the SEM is the most used technique in different types of characterizations.

This is also valid in the case of reverse osmosis membranes, as you can see in the following documents, although the use of other support instruments (e.g. FT-IR Spectrophotometer) can be very useful.

-Foulant Analysis of Three RO Membranes Used inTreating Simulated Brackish Water of theIraqi Marshes

Dawood Eisa Sachit and John N. Veenstra

Membranes,7, 23 (2017)

Available at: https://www.google.it/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjJ4uj9pPbtAhXS_KQKHSuLCBwQFjADegQIBRAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F2077-0375%2F7%2F2%2F23%2Fpdf&usg=AOvVaw2yFrEFhvegPc4yj7S9_T8U

-Characterization of Membrane Foulants in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination

David A. Ladner, Mark M. Clark.

Desalination and Water Purification Research and Development Program Report No. 142 (2009)

Available at: https://www.usbr.gov/research/dwpr/reportpdfs/report142.pdf

-REAL-TIME OBSERVATION OF FOULING INMEMBRANE FILTRATION BY NON-INVASIVEULTRASONIC TECHNIQUES

J Li, RD Sanderson, MJ Hurndall,DK Hailbauer and VY Hailbauer-Zadorozhnaya

Report to the WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION (2004)

Available at: http://www.wrc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/mdocs/1166-1-041.pdf

Best regards, Pierluigi Traverso.

Try it and see if it is useful for you.