I need to monitor all kinds of fouling (colloidal, organic, scaling, biofouling) on the reverse osmosis membrane in the desalination process. what are the practical (easy and reliable) techniques used to monitor (or visualise) these types of fouling?
and what are the settings used to have fouling layer development on a membrane (feed flowrate, membrane surface, feed type, etc...)?
thank you?
membrane fouling (organic fouling) is usually monitored using BSA or powder milk as fouling agents. it is determined using various factors including flux recovery ratio and total, irreversible, and reversible fouling resistance. you just need to measure pure water flux, BSA flux, and second water flux (pure water flux after BSA filtration) to calculate these fouling factors. the following article can be useful:
Article Fabrication and characterization of a high-flux and antifoul...
Abdeljalil Chougradi i found two interesting papers on the same topics and felt like sharing with you and hope so it is of your interest as well
Article A review of fouling indices and monitoring techniques for re...
This shows the review of the fouling indices and monitoring techniques for Reverse Osmosis
second one is the
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720362501
this is about the fouling control in Reverse Osmosis
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