I found this article to be very useful for learning how to process AFM force distance curves http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135902940100067X
Modern AFM software may take care of some of this for you, but you will definitely want to understand the details. I strongly recommend finding someone to work with who already has experience with collecting and analysing force curves. It is a fairly involved technique, but very powerful if you want to measure the forces arising from the interaction between two surfaces as a function of their separation - or in some cases even between a surface and a single molecule.
I found this article to be very useful for learning how to process AFM force distance curves http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135902940100067X
Modern AFM software may take care of some of this for you, but you will definitely want to understand the details. I strongly recommend finding someone to work with who already has experience with collecting and analysing force curves. It is a fairly involved technique, but very powerful if you want to measure the forces arising from the interaction between two surfaces as a function of their separation - or in some cases even between a surface and a single molecule.
The kinds of material characteristics you can get from force curves include elasticity, visco-elasticity, hysteresis, adhesion. With an included hold or dwell curve during the force curve, you can examine creep/relaxation behaviour.
All above have a huge range of issues regarding accuracy, calibration and various assumptions that most decent literature papers should discuss.
With careful and precise chemical functionalisation, you can even get molecular recognition events i.e. binding of antibody/antigen
Another way to use Force Distance Curve FDC is to characterise the dielectric material for this, it's possible to extend the FDC and use it like EFDC Electrostatic Force DIstance Curve :
I propose this article for learning how to process AFM electrostatic force distance curves to characterise the dielectric material,
Multi-dimensional modelling of electrostatic force distance curve over dielectric surface: Influence of tip geometry and correlation with experiment. http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/116/8/10.1063/1.4894147
Here you have a short summary for FD curve characteristics. These example curves were recorded between two living cells, so the important characteristics are pointed out accordingly, and it is far not complete. Basically only your imagination and handyness are the limit :)
AFM and nanoindentation techniques are similar to each other in analyzing load -displacement plots. Basic theory to extract mechanical properties varies from material to materials.