Ketogenic diets play an important role in histone acetylation and deacetylation by inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC). Ketone bodies have been shown to inhibit HDAC 1, 3 and 4 at various concentrations (mmol/l). The anti-aging gene Sirtuin 1 (NAD+) class III histone deacetylase is critical for survival and ketone body inhibition will inactivate the anti-aging gene that leads to programmed cell death. The use of ketogenic diets and nutritional supplements to induce ketosis should be carefully evaluated. Exogenous ketone drinks that contain ketone ester may rapidly elevate plasma ketones and lead to Sirtuin 1 inhibition in peripheral cells and the brain that may lead to multiple organ disease syndrome.
RELEVANT REFERENCES:
1. Yang H, Shan W, Zhu F, Wu J, Wang Q. Ketone Bodies in Neurological Diseases: Focus on Neuroprotection and Underlying Mechanisms. Front Neurol. 2019;10:585.
2. Wuwen Feng, Hui Ao, and Cheng Peng. Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Herbal Medicines. Front Pharmacol. 2018; 9: 1354.
3. Marwa Elamin, David N. Ruskin, Susan A. Masino, and Paola Sacchetti Ketogenic Diet Modulates NAD+-Dependent Enzymes and Reduces DNA Damage in Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci. 2018; 12: 263.
4. Hashim SA1, VanItallie TB. Ketone body therapy: from the ketogenic diet to the oral administration of ketone ester. J Lipid Res. 2014 Sep;55(9):1818-26.
5. Bourassa MW, Alim I, Bultman SJ, Ratan RR. Butyrate, neuroepigenetics and the gut microbiome: Can a high fiber diet improve brain health? Neurosci Lett. 2016;625:56-63.
6. Anti-Aging Genes Improve Appetite Regulation and Reverse Cell Senescence and Apoptosis in Global Populations. Advances in Aging Research, 2016, 5, 9-26.
7. Single Gene Inactivation with Implications to Diabetes and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. J Clin Epigenet. 2017; 3:24.
8. Anti-Aging Gene linked to Appetite Regulation Determines Longevity in Humans and Animals. International Journal of Aging Research. 2018,1(6): 1-4.
n a normal healthy cell environment Cytochrome C move electrons from glucose to produce ATP, however in a hostile cell environment* apoptosis may be compromised to the point of leading to degenerative diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, myopathy, neuropathy, Kidney failure, digestive issues.
*AS a clinical nutritionist over the past 20 years I have observed the following: mild to moderate serum protein elevation, mild to severe EGFR reduction, muscle loss, Hypo to hypertriglyceridemia, hypoxia, chronic fatigue.
Tait SW, Green DR. Mitochondrial regulation of cell death. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Sep
It seems contrary but obesity is associated with excess female hormones.
Article PDGF- and insulin/IGF-1-specific distinct modes of class I(A...
this link will give some ideas
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Ian Martins (Ph D, D.Sc and Dr.Med, Honoris Causa)
World's Famous Scientist Dr. Ian James Martins from Australia conferred with Honorary Degree of Doctor of Science for Outstanding Scientific Contribution in Nutrition. Dr. Ian Martins from Australia conferred with Honorary Degree of Doctor of Medicine for Outstanding Scientific Contribution in Diabetes.
Fellow of International Agency for Standards and Ratings (IASR) Division for Certification and Acreditation https://sites.google.com/site/internationalindexing/advisory-board
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