The standard calibration curve that was prepared was 0 to 10 ppm but the maximum concentration of the unknown sample would be 30 ppm. Can I still use this standard calibration curve to find the unknown concentration?
This is not a good idea as you have no evidence of the linear range of the detector.
The best approach is either to dilute your sample so that it falls within your calibrated range or extend your calibration range by preparing a standard with a higher concentration.