I am getting around 7% variability in callus mediated plants and about 3% variability in direct shoot organogenesis derived plants.Now is there any epigenetic angle behind this result? I have seen the variability is increasing with PGR concentration which is creating a PGR stress. What can be the probable reason behind it?
Maximum possibility is of epigenetics. Of course PGR is the major reason. If it occurs thorough the source of explant it will be genetic and will be continued in next generations.
As ur result indicates, it is quite acceptable thing i.e. 7% variation in callus mediated plant regeneration but it will lead to somaclonal variation and might be helpful to production of somaclones with superior agronomical traits as well as boosted sec. metabolite production
If you detected the variation with some DNA markers then question of epigenetic variation will not come in picture. In contrast, If your clones have almost 100% same in DNA profiles but significantly differed in some phenotype or chemotype then question of epigenetic variation may come up.
Significant DNA methylation can arise in tissue culture, leading to epigenetic variations. You will need methylation-sensitive PCR methods to detect this.
The following papers may be useful.
Miguel C. and Marum L (2011). An epigenetic view of plant cells cultured in vitro: somaclonal variation and beyond. Journal of experimental Botany 62:3713-3725.
Neelakanda, A.K. and Wang, K. (2012). Recent processes in the understanding of tissue culture-induced genome level changes in plants and potential applications. Plant Cell Reports 31: 597–620.
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