If I have got your question I suggested the following directions:
I think academic performance has to measure three indicators such as knowledge, attitude and skills depending on the nature of the subject matter. Once you isolated these indicators you have to develop guiding questionnaires for each indicators of academic performance. Then, it would be better to use PCA (principal component analysis) to really know the relative weights that each indicators had. However, you have to have standardized questionnaires for the mentioned indicators. Then once you developed those questions to evaluate students; the result can be ranked from minimum of 0 and maximum of 100%. After this I think you will have various models to choose for the determinants of academic performance
Charbonnier‐Voirin, A., & Roussel, P. (2012). Adaptive performance: A new scale to measure individual performance in organizations. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration, 29(3), 280-293.