Total genomic DNA was isolated according to the protocol described previously by
Anderson et al. (1992). Briefly, 3-5 g of leaf tissue per sample (each sample was collected from each F2 seedling 8 weeks after sowing, 81 plants in total) were ground in liquid nitrogen and incubated at 60 °C for 45 min with 15 ml of extraction buffer, (100 mM Tris-HCl, 500 M NaCl, 50 mM EDTA, 1.25 % SDS) in 50 ml polypropylene tubes. After cell disruption and incubation with hot isolation buffer, proteins were removed by chloroform: iso-amyl alcohol (24:1, v:v). Samples were incubated for 30 min by shaking and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 30 min. The aqueous layer was transferred to a new tube and 20 μl RNAse A (10 mg/ml) was added. Samples were incubated for 30 min at room temperature. One volume of cold ethanol was added to precipitate DNA. After 30 min incubation at 4 °C, precipitated DNA was hooked out and placed in a 2 ml reaction tube containing 1 ml of 75% ethanol. After washing twice with 75% ethanol, the washing solution was removed and the DNA pellet was dried thoroughly and dissolved in TE buffer. The DNA samples were diluted and stored at -20 °C. The DNA was diluted to a concentration of 50 ng/μl before used in SSR experiment.