can any body suggest the best and cheap adjuvant that should be used as im using alum for my work it producing severe cellulitits even though it enhances immunity.
Dear Sudheer,
It will really depend on what purpose you want. If it is just to show that your antigen is immunogenic in experimental models (e.g. mice), the Freund adjuvant (complete and incomplete doses) it should be OK. If you pursue vaccination for animals (as final receiver), one option for the Alum (which usually provide a mixed Th1/Th2 response but it is excellent for antibody production and also for small proteins/peptides due to the adsorption capacity) would be the saponin.
Other adjuvants (Monophosphoryl lipid A/MPLA or CpG) are excellent as well (usually Th1 producers) but the price and availability may limit your study. However, if you want to pursue vaccines for human use (and also if it provides an desired profile) it's worthy the cost as it will be further required (test on experimental models using those adjuvants) when you apply for studies involving human subjects (e.g. Phase I).
Dear Sudheer,
It will really depend on what purpose you want. If it is just to show that your antigen is immunogenic in experimental models (e.g. mice), the Freund adjuvant (complete and incomplete doses) it should be OK. If you pursue vaccination for animals (as final receiver), one option for the Alum (which usually provide a mixed Th1/Th2 response but it is excellent for antibody production and also for small proteins/peptides due to the adsorption capacity) would be the saponin.
Other adjuvants (Monophosphoryl lipid A/MPLA or CpG) are excellent as well (usually Th1 producers) but the price and availability may limit your study. However, if you want to pursue vaccines for human use (and also if it provides an desired profile) it's worthy the cost as it will be further required (test on experimental models using those adjuvants) when you apply for studies involving human subjects (e.g. Phase I).
A better adjuvant may be a Sendia virus derived Chochleate adjuvant that has been use in numerous animal and human studies in vaccine development. You can search for additional information under Dr. Raphael Mannino.
In fact there is no universal adjuvant. Therefore, one must look into the type of antigen and whether Th1/Th2 response is desired. Aluminum has some known toxicity concerns. But still if one find it effective, lower concentrations may be tried. The upper acceptable limit for aluminium is 1.25mg/dose for vaccines. Polymeric micro and nanoparticles could be another option.
Freund's Adjuvant (Sigma) worked well for me in developing polyclonal Ab in rabbits and goats.
Dear Sudheer,
In allergen immunotherapy we use two adjuvants : aluminium hydroxid or calcium phospate. Calcium phosphate is easy to find and not expensive. After 20 years of use, I find the results of the response with calcium phosphate as good as aluminium.
Stallergenes is a leader for the use of calcium phosphate in their vaccines and has a big research unit in Paris : http://www.stallergenes.com/en/our-products/subcutaneous-allergen-immunotherapy.html
Hopes this helps in your research,
Best Regards,
Nadine
As some others said above, there is no universal adjuvant. Each will have different effects, and may stimulate different aspects of the immune system, different TLRs etc. In addition, different species may react differently to each adjuvant, and even the "Th1 vs Th2 model" which is relatively clear in mice is not so clear in other species where mixed responses are seen. Without some more precise détails of what you are trying to achieve it is impossible to choose. For example, trying to protect against a strong morbillivirus challenge in vivo is not the same as trying to increase antibody production for producing a hyperimmune serum such as tetanus antitoxin. My suggestion is to start from a clear definition of what you want to achive then search for the adjuvants known to be most effective at producing this effect and see which is the safest and cheapest.
well, Sudheer have many opinions, now you must select it, all this adjuvants are cheaper and the more important think, are licensed or has authorization to used in animals or humans. Good luck.
Aluminium Phosphate gel as an adjuvant is being used in DTP group of vaccines. It can easily be produced in the lab. by mixing Aluminium potassium sulphate and Tri Sod.Ortho Phosphate(WHO,1979).
Dear Sudheer,
Alum is cheaper than other adjuvants. But its better to use an appropriate adjuvant based on your research purpose. Now there are many adjuvants available in market like alum derivatives, TLR agonits, freunds adjuvants etc. But only a couple of adjuvants are licensed to use in humans. So, adjuvant selection depends on what kind of immune responses you are planning to elicit with your immunogen or therapeutic molecule and the type of animal modes you are going to use.!!
Good Luck.
The adjuvants are not always free from some side effects. The choice of adjuvant will depend on the type of antigen, dose, route of administration and the type of response you are expecting. Please go through the following articles. They will be helpful to you in making a choice.
I do not know, what the precise question in your models is, but maybe you can try TLR stimulants (CpG-ODN). This has no severe side effects.
Aluminium Phosphate gel as an adjuvant is cheaper . You can produced in the lab easily. But it will be based on your research purpose. Also its important if the adjuvants is approved for humans or not.
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