Hi dear RG members,

Could you please, suggest me any biopsychosocial spiritual model used for chronic pain management especially in older adults? I know Biopsychosocial model for pain wad developed by Engel, but is curious if there is any model that has incorporated spiritual component too.....

I am also interested in any theoretical model in nursing, that would address chronic pain management of older adults...Your suggestion and information is highly appreciated.

Thank you in advance

Shovana

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