The easy-to-use digital tools that address water scarcity, soil degradation, fragmented landholdings, and low digital literacy are following:-

Kishan suvidha (GOI), e-SAP, Krishi Network, Bhuvan geoportal (ISRO), Plantix (AI), Digital green, Fasal (AI), FarmPrecise , BONOUS, etc.

Thanks for your answer.

Dear Research Colleague,

Your line of research on digital tools for precision agriculture in resource-constrained contexts, such as Bundelkhand, deeply resonates with my own work on optimizing agroforestry systems through geomorphological, biophysical, and photogrammetric analysis. We share a fundamental interest in how technology can enhance productivity and sustainability in agriculture, especially for smallholder farmers.

From my perspective, the key to success in environments like Bundelkhand lies in selecting solutions that are not only scalable and user-friendly, but also intelligently integrated with local biophysical and socioeconomic conditions. In this regard, I would consider the following points when evaluating digital tools:

• Low-Cost Precision Mapping and Monitoring: Given water scarcity and small landholdings, tools that allow detailed terrain mapping (geomorphology) and precise crop health monitoring (biophysical) at an accessible cost are crucial. Consider the potential of low-cost drones or even the use of freely available satellite imagery, combined with mobile applications that facilitate the interpretation of this data at the field level by farmers. Photogrammetry, for example, can offer invaluable information about terrain topography for optimized water management.
• Simplified Soil and Climate Sensors: Water management is paramount. Simple and economical soil moisture sensors, which can be integrated with smart irrigation systems or, failing that, with early warning systems for optimizing water use, would be of great value. Localized climate information, obtained from community weather stations or accessible forecast data, is also vital for planting and harvesting planning.
• Personalized Advisory and Decision-Making Platforms: The most effective tools will be those that translate complex data into practical and actionable recommendations for farmers. This could involve platforms with algorithms that suggest when and how much to irrigate, what nutrients to apply (based on simplified soil analysis), or even identify pest and disease outbreaks. The interface must be intuitive, ideally with support in local languages and clear visualizations.
• Focus on Local Capacity and Co-creation: To ensure adoption and sustainability, solutions must be developed or adapted in close collaboration with farmers. This involves understanding their real needs, their traditional knowledge, and their technological limitations. Tools that foster knowledge exchange among farmers and allow for continuous feedback will be more successful.
• Sustainable Business Models: The long-term viability of these tools depends on how they are financed and maintained. Exploring models based on services, cooperatives, or government subsidies can be key.

I suggest you look for case studies on ResearchGate that address the implementation of remote sensing (drones, satellites) and geographic information systems (GIS) in crop management on small properties, as well as the use of mobile applications for agricultural extension. Pay special attention to how these initiatives have managed to overcome digital literacy and connectivity barriers.

Your research is fundamental to building more resilient and productive agroforestry systems, an objective we fully share from the perspective of applied geomorphology. I remain at your disposal for any further exchange of ideas.

Sincerely,

Prof. Ender A. Íñiguez Freites UCATECI-Rep. Dom.