I've often heard that there is virtually no reason why someone would prefer using AMOS to test for moderation than PROCESS and that it is overall more troublesome. Some even argue that PROCESS is better since it can handle any sample size.
Would you agree with this and why? Are there cases where you would use one over the other?
Thank you.
Hello Camille,
I believe to use PROCESS is more reasonable when testing mediation or moderation and mediation, since it provides some algorithms that are not implementated in standard statistical packages. If you only want to test moderation, it can be easily tested by introducing interaction terms in regression models, I would recommend to do it by one-self. The book of Cohen, Cohen, Aiken and West (Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences) provides good introduction in this issues.
Using AMOS to test Interactions in my opinion has advantages over standard linear regression/Process in three cases:
-You want to test several relationships with more than one outcome or with mediating variables at once (path model)
- You want to use latent variables to control for measurement error (Introducing Interaction in such models is a little bit more complex than to do in linear regression)
- You want to test interactions with a categorical variable (defining groups): AMOS like any Structural Equation Modeling program provides the possiblity to do an overall test, if relationships between variables differ between subgroups- this can be very powerful depending on your research question.
Best regards
Daniel
Hello Camille,
I believe to use PROCESS is more reasonable when testing mediation or moderation and mediation, since it provides some algorithms that are not implementated in standard statistical packages. If you only want to test moderation, it can be easily tested by introducing interaction terms in regression models, I would recommend to do it by one-self. The book of Cohen, Cohen, Aiken and West (Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences) provides good introduction in this issues.
Using AMOS to test Interactions in my opinion has advantages over standard linear regression/Process in three cases:
-You want to test several relationships with more than one outcome or with mediating variables at once (path model)
- You want to use latent variables to control for measurement error (Introducing Interaction in such models is a little bit more complex than to do in linear regression)
- You want to test interactions with a categorical variable (defining groups): AMOS like any Structural Equation Modeling program provides the possiblity to do an overall test, if relationships between variables differ between subgroups- this can be very powerful depending on your research question.
Best regards
Daniel
Dear Camille,
If you insert the subject SEM or AMOS in RG you will find lots of answers to your question, becasuse that is similar to other questions.
Have a nice time
Helena
Camille
I am assuming you are wanting to use the technique outside of AMOS/SPSS as an alternative approach to ANCOVA?
If so it may be because of the the assumption of homogeneity of regression slopes (HOS)?
This is addressed in a 2004 paper by D'Alonzo (talks about plots and provides a routine for SAS)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3203541/
Amos is not designed to examine moderation. Process preferable or easier - Modprob macro.
SEM via RG:
Abdo Hezam asked a question:
Can we use SEM (Hitachi S-3400N) for imaging TiO2 nanotubes with diameter 10-50 nm?We have SEM (Hitachi S-3400N) in our lab but we could not get clear images for TiO2 nanotubes. We want to know if it is possible to use SEM (Hitachi S-3400N) for imaging TiO2 nanotubes with diameter 10-50 nm? How to prepare the sample? And what are the required settings [accelerator voltage, mode (SE or BSE), etc.]..
I have attached examples for the gotten images of TiO2 nanotubes (TNT1,2) and ZnO nanoflowers (ZNR).
Thanking you in advance.
[more]
+ 6 more attachments
Follow Answer
Mehrdad Rashidzadeh asked a question:
Can anybody send me/link me to an ebook or source for SEM sample preparation?.
Follow Answer
Yan Piaw Chua asked a question:
Is Bayesian analysis the best way to deal with negative variance of measurement error in SEM analysis?I use Bayesian SEM to deal with negative variance of error term for my research model. I think it is a good method because it helps me to solve the problem of standardized regression weight > 1. But I would like to know whether Bayesian SEM analysis has any weakness, and is there any other option to deal with negative variance of error term in SEM analysis besides the method.
[more]
Follow Answer
Erik Mønness asked a question:
PLS vs. sem-PLSTraditional partial least square finds directions in X-space and Y-space that have the highest covariance. Using programs like jmp or SYSTAT the dimensionality chosen is the same in both spaces. How does that compare to the sem-PLS approach, found in, say smartPLS (http://www.smartpls.de/forum/index.php ) where one makes separate models for the two spaces , more like the LISREL approach.
[more]
Follow Answer
Chunli Liu asked a question:
Is it true that FESEM cannot take images for magnetic nanoparticles? Any solution available?We prepared magnetic nanoparticles (ferrites), and wanted to take FESEM images. The operator told us that FESEM cannot take images for magnetic nanoparticles, because the particles will be attached on the lenses. We tried one sample at low magnification but the images were very blurred.
Follow Answer
Mukund Kavade asked a question:
How to prepare specimen for SEM analysis of lateral cross sectioned EDMed surface?I want to measure white layer thickness and HAz. For this I need to take the cross section by wire EDM. But this affects surface and I do not get the true measure of white layer thickness and HAZ.
Follow Answer
N. Venkatathri asked a question:
Why do we need to sample disc sputtering before SEM analysis?It is learned that this is to avoid charging effect. We know that charging effect gives a blurred picture. But we want to know what is meant by charging effect?
Follow Answer
Jingshun Liu asked a question:
How to prepare ZnCr2O4 in lab or factory?ZnCr2O4 as the functional material, how to use it in some fields, can you give the examples?
Follow Answer
Arghyadeep Gupta asked a question:
What is the best way of preparation of algal cells for SEM?We need to send our algal samples that we have in the form of slants. How much quantity or volume is actually required for electron microscope analysis and how do we send them?
Follow Answer
Nauman Rahim Khan asked a question:
Which staining method is best for TEM/SEM imaging of Ethosomes?I have been working on ethosomal research and the drug is hydrophilic. I want to ask is there any standard staining method for ethosomes imaging by SEM/TEM?
Follow Answer
John Fraser Putterill asked a question:
Could anyone provide me with some information on preparation methods for first instar larvae of flies?SEM preparation techniques available are CPD and HMDS. Both these techniques show severe shrinkage.
Follow Answer
Lili Am asked a question:
How can we explain the direction of rotation of the primary electrons in the objective lens in SEM image processing?What are its effects on the images?
Follow Answer
Yonghua Cao asked a question:
Could the EDS-SEM reliably quantify the V content of the Magnetite?I found the Ti Kb and V Ka peaks in EDS spectrum are too close to be separated by the EDS. Further, the V Kb peak is not quite evident and always is hidden in the background. Just wonder if there are any methods that could be applied to improve the peak resolution of the EDS? I know the WDS works, but right now we really want to know if the EDS-SEM could also work for analyzing V of the Mag, thanks.
[more]
Follow Answer
Abbas Rahdar asked a question:
Can anyone tell me difference between EDS (or WDS ) from SEM and EDS (or WDS ) from TEM and XRF?can anyone tell me difference between EDS (or WDS ) from SEM and EDS (or WDS ) from TEM and XRF?
Follow Answer
Md. Aminul Islam asked a question:
What conclusion can be drawn from these SEM images?Figure shows the SEM micrograph of brown Mn3O4 nps at different pixels.
SEM images of Mn3O4.docx
Follow Answer
Adonay Loiola asked a question:
How to prepare magnetic powders for SEM analysis?I have prepared a composite material in powder form and now I need to use SEM in order to identify important aspects of its morphology, but I am afraid of damage the microscope once the powder might be attracted by probe or even other parts of the equipment. Does anyone know an appropriate method to prepare magnetic samples for SEM analysis?
[more]
Follow Answer
Jayalaxmi Dash asked a question:
What is an effective protocol for SEM analysis of green algae?is there any protocol already worked effectively to prepare and analyse marine green algae for SEM ?
Follow Answer
Simon C. Hunter asked a question:
How do i solve an "Additional constraints" warning only for subgroups ?I have a model (attached) which is looking at stability of humour across time, and also looking at whether a best-friend's humour influences your later humour use. The model is based on an APIM approach, hence the parameter constraints (I have indistinguishable dyads).
When I run this with my full sample (N=457) I get a good fit.
When I run it with a large subsample, I get good fit (n=356)
When I run it with a small subsample (the group that I want to do the analysis on!) I get the following warning "The model is probably unidentified. In order to achieve identifiability, it will probably be necessary to impose 2 additional constraints."
Normally I can identify where the problem lies when I get that kind of error, but I have never seen it appear as a function of subsample. It doesn't make sense to me that the model can be missing constraints only when a smaller sample is being used. I've tried creating an SPSS file with only the subsample I want instead of selecting them but this gives exactly the same response.
Please also note that I do not get the warning when I delete the two gender variables. However, I need to include these in response to reviewers' comments. The issue seems to be linked to those two variables though because I still get the warning if I delete the age variables instead of the gender variables.
Thanks in advance :)
Simon
[more]
Follow Answer
Nora Danisha asked a question:
How to prepare lotion (pharmaceutical product) for SEM analysis to examine the morhology of the particle?I develop a repellent product in the lotion form by using microencapsulation technique. The active agent is encapsulated around the polymer wall. I don't want the microcapsule broken during the process.
Follow Answer
Nora Danisha asked a question:
How to prepare lotion (pharmaceutical product) for SEM analysis to examine the morhology of the particle?I develop a repellent product in the lotion form by using microencapsulation technique. The active agent is encapsulated around the polymer wall. I don't want the microcapsule broken during the process.
Follow Answer
Neil Stephen Luy asked a question:
How can you prepare the powdered sample (Klason lignin in this case) for SEM-EDS characterization?The sample is Klason lignin. Is there any necessary chemical treatment for characterization of the sample in SEM-EDS?
Follow Answer
Matthew Deguara asked a question:
Should you reverse code negatively coded formative indicators prior to PLS-SEM?Should you reverse code negatively coded formative indicators prior to PLS-SEM?
Follow Answer
Xiguang Li asked a question:
Can SEM see the aggregation of graphene in a polymer?I made PS/graphene by extrusion optical microscopy. It shows some big aggregates of graphene( 5-15 micron meter), but in SEM I cannot see this aggregation even on a big scale.
Follow Answer
Alexander Sergeevich Timin asked a question:
How can I prepare powder samples for SEM analysis?I would like to perform the experience on SEM in order to observe the size of prepared powders. They are not conductive.
Follow Answer
Sreerag Gopi asked a question:
Anybody can suggest me where I can do BET analysis, TGA and SEM analysis of membranes?Its for PVDF membranes, kindly suggest me the universities which contains these instruments and charges
Follow Answer
Raghavendra K G asked a question:
What are the possible artifacts one should be aware of due to "gold coating" while carrying out SEM+EDS analsysis?Gold coating is a routine process before carrying out SEM on a nonconducting sample. Since this sputtered gold film could also be a source of features which are not part of sample, i would like to know what kind of artifacts we may get.
Follow Answer
Vivek Anand Annakodi asked a question:
What are the steps involved in SEM sample preparation?I want to take SEM image for my sample (Steel S304), do I have to do any surface preparation or any preliminary steps?
Follow Answer
Dr. Md. Mahfuzur Rahman Shah asked a question:
Can you please provide the detailed SEM protocol for dinoflagellates?Detailed SEM protocol for dinoflagellates
Read full-text
Source
Article: Gymnodinium litoralis sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a newly identified bloom-forming dinoflagellate from the NW Mediterranean Sea
Albert Reñé · Cecilia Teodora Satta · Esther Garcés · Ramon Massana · Manuel Zapata· Silvia Anglès · Jordi Camp
[Show abstract]
Harmful Algae 12/2011; 12:11-25. DOI:10.1016/j.hal.2011.08.008
Download Follow
Follow Answer
Neda Afsham asked a question:
Does anybody know how I can prepare granule graphite with biofilm formation on the surface for SEM?-
Follow Answer
Vijayeta Pal asked a question:
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) (bulk materials).The shape of the ceramic grain is changed with doping. When we increased the doping concentration, it became rectangular in shape and the average grain size was reduced. What is the reason behind this?
Follow Answer
Sania Khan asked a question:
Clarification on P-value in Hypothesis testing?I got a correlation coefficient value of 0.052 with P = 0.068 in my structural equation model. Is this considered to be significant or insignificant and does it support my positive hypothesis or not?
How reasonable is it to consider a 10% level of significance, when a P-value of < 0.001 & < 0.05 is considered to be significantly good. My sample size is 716. Some people say a P-value of 0.068 is still significant at 6.8 %, when we report at 10% level, others say it is not significant and should consider only a 5% level of significance.
I know an increasing alpha value will increase the Type I error (i.e. false positive), and at the same time SEM will minimize the type I error.
Can you please suggest how I am to conclude the hypothesis statement.
[more]
Follow Answer
Satpal Kaur asked a question:
In my SEM results I am getting a non-significant relationship and Std Reg Wght > 1. How can this be resolved or explained?I have 13 latent variables, 3 are second order. I am looking at the interaction among these.
Follow Answer
Lijo Paul asked a question:
How can we distinguish between recast layers and heat affected zone present in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images?.What does white and dark spot in given SEM image (machined hole of 200X) represents? What is SEM error?
Follow Answer
Lijo Paul asked a question:
How can we analyze a Scanning electron Microscope (SEM) image? What all datas can be inferred from SEM?How can we select proper magnification for getting data from SEM? What is an SEM error?
What does bright spot and dark spot in SEM images represent?
I have taken SEM images of 200X and optical images of 50 X, but both shows same magnified images. So how will you compare magnification in SEM and optical microscopes?
[more]
Follow Answer
Danang Crysnanto asked a question:
How to prepare for DLS and SEM in nanoparticle analysis?I have prepared a chitosan nanoparticle using ionic gelation method. Then, I measured the particle size using DLS (the measurement around 300 nm with PDI index below 0.2) and looked for nanoparticle structure using SEM. The SEM image didn't agree with the DLS measurement. From SEM, I only see a network of chitosan that formed webbed structure, and fail to see the structure of the nanoparticle. I prepared the powder for SEM using freeze drying directly from suspension of nanoparticles. What analysis must I believe? Is it possible that the SEM image failed because of improper sample preparation? What is the best possible way to prepare chitosan nanoparticle for SEM?
[more]
Follow Answer
Son Thanh Nguyen asked a question:
Which features on EDS spectrum will be defected if the analysed surface of sample is not very flat?Assuming that we have analysed a sample with SEM-EDS. If the surface of the sample was not polished (or not polished very well), then it would not be very flat. I am curious how much this rough surface will affect the analysis results (for instance, the indication of elements, the intensity of peaks, etc)? Is there a possibility that the detector will receive the X-ray which is released from the region adjacent to the investigated region (because of the roughness of the surface)?
[more]
Follow Answer
Rekha Mittal asked a question:
Can anyone suggest how to analyse SEM micrograph images?Is there any software to analyse SEM images which is freely available?
Follow Answer
Dinsefa Mensur Andoshe asked a question:
How can you prepare a powder sample to characterize using SEM?I have powder samples of Tio2 and I want to characterize it using SEM and EDS, is there any one who give me a tip for sample preparation to characterize it.
Follow Answer
Werner Schmitt asked a question:
How much theoretical/technical progress was there in Quantitative EDX over the last 2 decades for thin films?We have a very old SEM based EDX system with a liquid nitrogen cooled detector from Röntec Company, taken over by Bruker around 2005. So far EDX spectra of my samples were recorded by up to date systems with an operator often only clicking some software buttons and waiting for a at 1% accurate spectra print out.
Abdillah Imron Nasution asked a question:
Preparation of Bacteria-SEM study: Can I replace gluteraldehide with hydrogen peroxide+high Level of disinfectant?-
Follow Answer
Giovanna Gabetta asked a question:
What is the technique one can use to make SEM images of a wax deposited on a metal sample?Is metal sputtering a suitable technique to prepare the surface?
Follow Answer
Imran Patel asked a question:
How do we read Energy dispersive spectroscopy report for SEM?Please find the EDS report attached here.
Please comment soon.
EDS report.pdf
Follow Answer
Son Thanh Nguyen asked a question:
What is the reason of strange Si peak in SEM/EDS analysis?I am using SEM/EDS analysis to investigate the composition of my sample (which was sintered by Y, Ti, O and Fe). Unexpectedly, there is a peak of Si coming out. I tried to analyze the sample few times, at different domains, but the strange peak still come out. Now I am trying to explain the appearance of these strange peak. Could you tell me your idea? ( I also attach here a spectrometry of my EDS analysis)
[more]
https://www.dropbox.com/s/imln8lut6132u0k/150mag.jpg
150mag.jpgShared with Dropbox
Follow Answer
Arvind Kumar Dixit asked a question:
How can we do phase analysis of complex alloy system (which have 14 elements) by using SEM and EDS?I want to do phase analysis of complex alloys system which is prepared by melting 14 elements in its pure and oxide form.
Follow Answer
Manju Taxak asked a question:
In a line scan of SEM-EDX analysis of homogeneous alloy, up and down lines in EDX patterns are observed instead of a single line. What does this indicate?...
Follow Answer
Changqi Xu asked a question:
What is difference between GSE and SE detector in SEM?What is difference between GSE and SE detector in SEM?
Follow Answer
Paul Sauer asked a question:
I have a structural equation model that is being tested with empirical data that was collected at two separate points in time (time period 1 and time period 2) from the same set of respondents. How can I test changes in the model parameters from time period 1 to time period 2?...
Follow Answer
Abbas Rahdar asked a question:
Can anyone tell me about the ZAF method application in the SEM?Can anyone tell me about the ZAF method application in the SEM?
Follow Answer
Muhammad Imran Arshad asked a question:
What is difference between sem and tem?Aa
Follow Answer
Shahid iqbal Iqbal asked a question:
Can someone assist me with my sample preparation for SEM analysis?Please assist me with your kind advice on the following:
We have prepared AAO templates in phosphoric acid by two steps anodization. And we have deposited NiZn by electropolishing. Now we are unable to prepare our samples for SEM analysis because when we try to dissolve AAO templates, it causes our NiZn to dissolve. Please advice me how to prepare our sample for SEM. Any method?
Sincerely,
[more]
Follow Answer
Mohd Azmir Mohd Nizah asked a question:
What is the "Rule of Thumb's" for SEM analysis to be more reliable?For example, in terms of scale that should be used, i.e. continuum or ordinal or nominal; in terms of normality of data, and else...
Follow Answer
Ramendra Pratap Singh asked a question:
Why is the over identified model required in case of SEM? Is it possible to get proper result from Just identified model?What is the logic behind over-identified model for Structure equation analysis.Whether it is possible to get result from just identified model and why it is essential to use over-identified model in case of hypothesis testing?
Follow Answer
Manoranjan Arakha asked a question:
How many days can we store the fixed bacteria slides for SEM analysis?I am preparing the bacteria slides using glutaraldehyde and tannic acid and storing them in normal environmental condition for SEM analysis. My question is that how many days we can store it before SEM analysis so that the structure of the bacteria will not change.
Follow Answer
Gansukh Erdenedelger asked a question:
Why, during SEM EDX, we cannot detect Nitrogen. However on the element map Nitrogen is detected. What reason? Could someone explain?Why, during SEM EDX, we cannot detect Nitrogen. However on the element map Nitrogen is detected. What reason? Could someone explain?
Follow Answer
Moyassar Al-Taie asked a question:
Does anyone know how to compute Q2 in PLS with pls graph package?Seeking a step by step explanation to get the value of Q2 .
Follow Answer
Md Mahfuzur Rahman asked a question:
How can I analyse moderating variables in SEM?When the moderating variables have a hypothetical relationship with all the independent variables?
Follow Answer
Chinmaya Kumar Sahoo asked a question:
Can anyone suggest free scientific image measurement software?I require free scientific image measurement software to measure the distance and area of an SEM image. I have been using Gwyddion but it is creating problem with Windows 7
Follow Answer
Evangelia Kyriazi asked a question:
SEM-EDS for fossil analysisHas anyone used SEM-EDS for the analysis of fossils, especially fossil wood?
Can anyone recommend any relevant papers?
How many kV would you recommend?
What magnification would you recommend for the observation of the deterioration of fossil wood?
[more]
Follow Answer
M. Yusuf Hakim Widianto asked a question:
How to analyse porosity in the SEM pics and how to know percentage material SEM EDX? Are you using software? What software?Want to know how to calculate porosity in SEM pics, qualitative and quantitative.
I would only use AMOS in scenarios where multiple DV's obtained. For a single DV scenario I have found Hayes' PROCESS models to be superb
Helena,
I already searched through RG, I didn't find a complete answer to my problem hence why I posted this question. But I thank you for your help.
For mediation, AMOS is more precise than using standard regression analysis using SPSS. AMOS reduces the error.
I think so this article will help to resolve the issue
Hayes, A. F., Montoya, A. K., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017). The analysis of mechanisms and their contingencies: PROCESS versus structural equation modeling. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 25(1), 76-81.
Dear all,
About AMOS a very good tool to explain it in a very easy way is from James Gaskin (see youtub videso ), He also has tools that enables us to work with modration/mediators/control variables etc in AMOS
Have a nice time
Helena
AMOS provides robust estimates for Moderation, Mediation & moderated Mediation. by using ch-square difference test, statistical significant results are obtained, which are universally applicable & acceptable.
Dear Helena and Vikas,
Could you kindly provide a source/link? I am very interested in knowing how AMOS will help estimate Moderation, Mediation & Moderated Mediation. by using ch-square difference test.
Thank you
There is a Excel tool in Stat Wiki for calculation for ch-square difference test.
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Medicine
- Physiology
- Biosignals
- Biomedical Signal Processing
- Statistical Analysis