If there are limited in vitro experiments I would definitely choose primary cells but for many experiments it's difficult to isolate cells each time this is why cell lines are used. Second reason is the difficulty to get patient or normal human cells.
Hi Wensheng, the short answer is that neither primary cells nor cell lines are physiologically relevant if you are looking to transition from cell culture to in vivo.
The long answer depends on what you are studying. If you are looking at cell specific response to a drug then any cells will do fine, whether they are primaries or cell lines.
Contrary to popular belief, primary cells are not a homogenous population of cells that were harvested and immediately put into a tube and frozen.
Primary cells are harvested and expanded in serum containing media. This means that cells that are able to adhere to serum coated plates are selected for.
The major serum adhesion protein that mediates cell adhesion and survival in TC is vitronectin. If the cells can't adhere to vitronectin, they will die. Ergo, cells expressing av integrins survive and are propagated.