I need to know how much is emitted by melting a ton of copper. There are different variables such as the percentage of copper in the ore, the fuel used by the smelter, the environmental regulations, etc. Is there any recent study that will do such an analysis?
Please check the following link and PDF attachments.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278030036_COPPER_PRODUCTION_WITH_OUTOKUMPU_FLASH_SMELTING_AN_UPDATE
Conference Paper COPPER PRODUCTION WITH OUTOKUMPU FLASH SMELTING: AN UPDATE
Copper smelters also have environmental impacts. Lead, arsenic, and the other metals that they emit are deposited onto water, where they persist in the environment. The Hayden Smelter, in particular, spews toxic pollution into habitat for endangered and threatened species.
Although the Clean Air Act required EPA to set emission standards for each of the hazardous air pollutants that smelters emit, the agency set only a particulate matter standard. Even this lone standard does not reflect the actual performance of the best smelters, and thus does not satisfy the Clean Air Acts' minimum requirements for air toxics regulations.
Control of Copper Smelter Fugitive Emissions - nepis.epa.gov
https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=91014LHH.TXT
Toxic Air Pollution from Copper Smelters Challenged
http://earthjustice.org/news/press/2003/toxic-air-pollution-from-copper-smelters-challenged
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