Dear Catia Cillóniz, Thank you very much for making very important inquiries on the Research Gate portal and inspiring important discussions on particularly important issues.
The topics that are the subject of discussion are particularly important and scientifically important and in the context of human life.
Is racism a problem in your country?
Of course, racism is evil, generates negative social behavior and should be completely eliminated from societies in all countries. What is needed is properly conducted social campaigns in various media, including modern new online media, social media as well. In addition, it is necessary to include this problem in curricula, already in schools and at universities.
In my opinion, "patriotism" and "nationalism" do not have to be connected with each other. The extent to which these issues are related depends mainly on the mentality of people, social culture, the level of civil society, and general social awareness in the country shaped by the media in social campaigns. It also depends on the type of sowed governance exercised by the government in your country. Is it a democratic government or a dictatorship. In democratic countries, patriotism is usually interpreted in different ways, but it is not nationalism. On the other hand, in dictatorships, through media propaganda dominated by the dictatorial government, the message is shaped in the media that patriotism is at that time closely related to nationalism and often leads to wars.