It is well known that the surface energy of a low-index surface of a metal, e.g. Al depends on its orientation or the surface.
Is the work function of a metal also dependent on its surface intrinsically ?
This puzzle originates from two principles:
1). work function of a metal is the minimum energy required to release an electron from the surface of a metal by a photon. It relates to the electronegativity of the metal, as well.
2). the atomic density and related electron density at the surface of a metal varies, which should have impacts on its capability to attract electrons. This indicates possible dependences of the work functions on its surfaces, or anisotropy of work function of a metal.
This induces the question, is work function of a metal is also intrinsically anisotropic ?
Yes, the work function depends on the surface index.
Article Anisotropy of the Electronic Work Function of Metals
Article Anisotropy in the electronic work function of crystals of 3d metals
Dear Jürgen,
Thank you very much for your kind help.
I am going to read them.
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