Given the energy level diagram of a ruby laser shown in the right figure, where \( R_{02} \) is the pumping rate, and \( \tau_2 \) and \( \tau_1 \) are the lifetimes of levels \( n_2 \) and \( n_1 \) respectively. It is known that \( n_0 \) is always a constant and does not change with time.
1. Write the rate equations for the particle numbers at each energy level.
2. Determine \( n_1 \) and \( n_2 \) during steady-state operation.
3. Why is this laser more suitable for pulsed operation?
4. Can this laser be pumped with light of 947 nm?
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