Raghad Mouhamad
According to a report by the World Bank, the share of hydrological research and development (R&D) expenditure in developing countries is very low compared to developed countries. For example, in 2015, the hydrological R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP was 0.01% in Africa, 0.03% in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 0.06% in Asia, compared to 0.24% in Europe and 0.28% in North America. A study by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) analyzed the publication trends of hydrological research in different regions of the world from 2006 to 2015. The study found that the number of hydrological publications increased by 75% globally, but the growth rate varied significantly among regions. The highest growth rate was observed in Asia (125%), followed by Africa (83%), Europe (72%), Oceania (69%), North America (59%), and Latin America (56%). The study also found that the regional distribution of hydrological publications was highly skewed, with Europe and North America accounting for more than 60% of the global output, while Africa and Latin America contributed less than 10%. A survey by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) assessed the state of hydrological services in developing countries in 2017. The survey covered 139 countries and territories, representing 88% of the global population. The survey revealed that the hydrological services in developing countries face many challenges, such as inadequate funding, staffing, infrastructure, data, and information systems. The survey also identified the main gaps and needs for improving the hydrological services, such as enhancing the observation network, data management, forecasting and warning, service delivery, and capacity development.
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Amin Mohammadikaleibar
I recommend checking reports and publications from international organizations, government agencies, and research institutions that focus on water-related issues. Academic journals in the field of hydrology and water resources may also provide insights into ongoing research projects and trends in developing countries. Additionally, contacting relevant organizations and researchers directly may yield more up-to-date information.
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