A low consumption of K+ and high of Na+ is apparently related to high blood pressure, a chronic illness with high mortality and prevalence in Canary Islands.
Hi Luis,, very interesting question. Low sodium and high potassium in drinking water may be associated with lower risk of hypertension. Following studies might help you... Thanks
Thank you very much for your quick response. I will read these articles calmly. It's for one of my students' final year jobs. She has measured the Na and K (and the Na/K ratio) in the water of the 31 municipalities of the Island of Tenerife - Canary Islands - Spain. It's preliminary work. To do it well we should have many samples per municipality to reach publishable conclusions.
Thank you again for your kindness.
Hi, Luis, the contribution of drinking water as source of daily intake of sodium and potassium is negligible in most societies. The WHO recommendation for salt intake is less than 5 grams per day (equivalent to 2 grams of sodium, roughly 40%). The average intake of salt in Indian diet is close to 10 grams. Only small proportion comes from drinking water. If salt intake is reduced to less than 2 grams per day along with potassium supplementation, especially by increasing consumption of fruits blood pressure can be brought down This has been shown in small studies. But linking sodium and potassium levels in drinking water to blood pressure in the community from an epidemiologic perspective may not be easy. Anyway, I am interested to know the observations of your study.
Thank you very much for your response and information. In another paper we studied the relationship between Na content and % prevalence of hypertension in municipalities. As it was not very clear to us whether there was dependency or not, this year we measured Na and K and the Na/K ratio. This is an end-of-degree paper (4000 words). It can't be very exhaustive. They're undergraduates facing their first job.
Logically, there are many other factors: the consumption of bottled water is not the same in all municipalities (rural, urban, tourist,...); food; proximity to the sea; pre-treatment of water. Apart from the genetic predisposition of individuals, eating habits, exercise, etc.
I'll try to send you the studies, but we have to translate them into English first. They're in Spanish.
Hi Luis
Following research articles may be useful for you:
Article High sodium in drinking water and its effect on blood pressure
Article Increased blood pressure in schoolchildren related to high s...
Article Community differences in blood pressure levels and drinking ...
All the Best!
Please have a look this review papers
1. Cornelius RJ, Wang B, Wang-France J, Sansom SC. Maintaining K+ balance on the low-Na+, high-K+ diet. American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology. 2016;310(7):F581-F595. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00330.2015.
2. Cornelius RJ, Wang B, Wang-France J, Sansom SC. Maintaining K+ balance on the low-Na+, high-K+ diet. American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology. 2016;310(7):F581-F595. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00330.2015.
3. LOIS E. TUCKER EFFECT OF DEHYDRATION AND REHYDRATION ON THE WATER CONTENT AND Na+ AND K+ BALANCE IN ADULT MALE PERIPLANETA AMERICANA; J. exp. Biol. (1977), 71, 49-66
4. J Duhm, B O Göbel and F X Beck. Sodium and Potassium Ion Transport Accelerations in Erythrocytes of DOC, DOC-Salt, Two-Kidney, One Clip, and Spontaneously ;Hypertensive Rats Role of Hypokalemia and Cell Volume . Hypertension. 1983;5:642-652
5. K. O. Soetan, C. O. Olaiya , and O. E. Oyewole. The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants: A review; African Journal of Food Science Vol. 4(5) pp. 200-222, May 2010
Hi Dr Koshy and Luis,, I found this article from WHO regarding drinking water sodium level and seems to be very interesting. They have concluded that drinking water sodium level around 20mg per litre. However this level may vary in different countries and level may well exced in many countries. Implication of high level sodium is not clear. However if sodium level exced more than 200mg per litre then taste of water will be altered.. Following link might help you.. Thanks
Hi Biswajit, it is interesting information. The average consumption of drinking water for an adult will be around 1.5 to 2 litres in most communities, though it could be highly variable. If so, the likely contributionj of drinking water to daily sodium intake will be less than 50 mgms. The total average sodium intake in most countries is approximately 2000 to 3000 mgms. The South Indian diet contain around 4 grams of sodium. So drinking water contributes to less than 10% of total sodium intake for an adult. Hence I feel it may not be easy to establish a relation between systemic hypértension and sodium content of drinking water.
Dear colleagues, thank you very much for all the information you have shared. I see the subject is interesting. I will be reading all the recommended papers and perhaps for the next course I will be able to offer a much more extensive and documented Final Grade Manuscript.
I'll keep you postead
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