Gills and the stalk with the ring.

You need to use molecular markers for proper identification. However, be careful that you don't amplify DNA of attached organisms as gills are rich in other microbes

Due to the high number of samples, i didn't make a spore print and i depended on other morphological characteristics, but it seems that i should make it for this sample to reach the species. Thanks.

SR Joshi , My study is to verify the phenotypical classification using molecular marker techniques.

Spore print and then DNA isolation but care that the contaminants DNA do not interfere. Gills are contaminated with microbes and you get DNA of other microbes

Thanks.

Right! For the DNA use a small portion of the internal part. of the fungal flesh, this may preserve you to non-target DNA isolation. From here I agree with you, it looks like a Leucoagaricus. Hope it helps, G.

Hello Marwa;

you can find several specialized forums on mushroom identification which will avoid you to get through DNA sampling/amplification and sequencing...

In any case might also be a Macrolepiota (maybe a M. procera)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrolepiota_procera

Leonardo

I agree with leonardo, this species is pretty distinctive and difficult to miss. Please note that apart from spore print, these identifications can be helped by knowing the size (please put in a scale bar), growing conditions and soil (including predominant tree type present.

It seems to be a strain of Chlorophyllum molybdites. If the mushroom has greenish, smooth, elliptical, and dextrinoid spores (they turn reddish brown in Melzer's Reagent).

With the scaly cap and ring, it looks like a Lepiota species to me.

You should send a picture showing the ring, the stem and the colour of lamellae. The ring pf C. molybdites is very distinctive.

More Photos and will come back, Thanks for you.

Gills

When young,

Young in a group

The cap diameter is between 5 to 15 cm, and the stalk doesn't exceed 10 cm. Lepiota cristata is similar but quite small. i'm thinking of Leucoagaricus americanus and chlorophyllum molybdites. and waiting for a mature sample to make the spore print. the first species has a white spore print while the second has a greenish one.

Thanks for your contribution and help.

Hello Marwa

We have one similar, perhaps this is Chlorophyllum molybdites (G. Mey.) Massee, but is is necessary to review the morphology and color of the spore

Thanks beatriz elena Guerra. I'm doing the revision.

Dear Marwa,

I am in athens and I am discussing the species with my friends and collegues Prof. Zervakis and Dr Polemis.

In our opinion shoud be a Clorophyllum, but could you send us a picture of the spores?

Regards

Giuseppe venturella

I am not completely sure but I think than these mushroom samples belong to Macrolepiota procera

Thanks for All,

Giuseppe Venturella, Thanks. there are two pictures for spores, but there are not so clear, i think they may help. and will try to take new pictures for spores and the spore print.

The second one

I am not expert in this field (I am Chemist) and I can not help you any more

Dear Marwa

You can identify it easily by 18S r-RNA gene sequencing to identify the sp. and the strain if it is important to you and if you will use this identification in a research study.

You would amplified ITS-rDNA region using universal primers( ITS5 and ITS4) for molecular identification by PCR and DNA sequencing

Dear Marwa

I need more information, i send a example at your e-mail.

greetings

Julio

Thanks Olga Rojas García , I will do the amplification of the ITS region after the morphological/ phenotypical identification. one of the objectives of the study is to evaluate/ verify or to assess the morphological classification of mushrooms using the DNA-based techniques.

Julio Becerra, thanks. if you have already send it to [email protected] i didn't find it. if not, would you please send it to [email protected] if possible?

It is under either Macrolepiota or Chlorophyllum. A detailed field record, morphological and microscopic data is required to identify the species.

Have you tried http://www.mycokey.com/ ?

Might help.

The cap is very similar to Lepiota but we need know the hymenophore color. If is white is a species of genus Lepiota, pink or brown Agaricus, or green Chlorophyllum.

Here you will see the colour of the gills of C. molybdites. Note that they are not cream colour like in Lepiota . Check the colour of the Lamellae in your died specimens.Your mushroom could probably be a Lepiota or a Leucoagaricus

Gills colour

File of gills colour

Thanks Dr. Edgardo Albertó, The Colour of the died specimens is light brown, or dark cream. while the fresh sample has a cream colored gills (see the photos that i attached above). and the color of the gills turns greenish cream after hours of collection and then turns light brown.

from the distinctively swollen base of the stem it looks to me like Leucoagaricus americanus. however, Leucoagaricus has a white spore print and when i made a spore print of my samples i obtained a cream or yellowish one.

It is really confusing.

It is appearing Chlorophyllum species but for proper identification I need lamellae image, annulus and spore print colour..!!

In the past time I have requested to you a photo of spores. Macroscopycally it seems to be Chlorophyllum molybdites or C. brunneum

Dear colleague, yes, it is one of Chlorophyllum species

Please, don't use to eat it .

Thanks very much, the attached file for Lamella and annulus

Giuseppe Venturella , i did attach the spores photo, and i'm attaching it 4 second time. Thanks

The spores

another one, Sorry for it. it is not so clear

The ring

What is this?? i classified it as Lepiota

The gills and the ring of this Lepiota

It could be a Leucoagaricus. It s a segregated Genus of Lepiota

his is a poisonous fungal species. IT....Looks like a Lepiota

It seems as a species of Lepiota genus.

For sure, it is poisonous mushroom.

And It seems as Lepiota spp.

Why don't you check for ITS sequence

Chlorophyllum molybtides. it is a toxic species that cause mostly digestive trouble less than 4 hours after eating. It is a tropical wide spread species in open environment like public garden, sport courts. It is very commonly confused with Macroleliota genus. Gills and spores are grey-green or green-grey; this colour is not possible in Lepiota or Macrolepiota.

You may need to have a review of the following website address as well as the article below. I hope these will be helpful:

Interesting Website:

http://www.first-nature.com/fungi/macrolepiota-procera.php

Article:

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

Print version ISSN 1516-8913

Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.50 no.3 Curitiba May 2007

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132007000300014

BIOLOGICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES

Incidences of poisonings due to Chlorophyllum molybdites in the state of Paraná, Brazil

André August Remi de MeijerI, *; Maria Angela Lopes de Almeida AmazonasII; Giselia Burigo Guimarães RubioIII; Rafael Martinez CurialIV

Marc and Trung are rightfully identified the poisonous mushroom as the stipe of yours is plain colored while in Macrolepiota is also of brown scales.

This is Lepiota . Form is poisinous/

The best way to do this is to sequence the 5rDNA (partial sequencing) and then do the homology studies using any alignment tools and a suitable fungal database (for that matter even Genebank would do).

beatriz elena Guerra , Babak Pakdaman Sardrood, Trung Kien Nguyen, Marc Ducousso, O. Babayants and Jai Ghosh

Thanks for you. I will do the sequencing. however, it seems to be Chlorophylum molybidites because of the greenish spores and gills.

When i finish the sequencing i will let you know if it is lepiota, or chlorophylum.

If it has white lamella at maturity then it is Lepiota,

if it has greenish lamella at maturity, then it is Chlorophyllum

Because of its size, there is a possibility of it being Agaricus, provided,

it has gills, turning blackish at maturity,

it has annulus,

it might have colour change reaction at the base of the stipe due to bruishing

it is hard to identity the morphological data if the angel of capturing the picture doesn't represent the whole shape of mushroom