Hello, in Germany the National Academy of Sciences made a publication in 2012 "Bioenergy - Chances and Limits". This Study shows, that bioenergy - especially from forests not seems to be the priority in the furture. Especially see the supplement within this study: net primary production and bioenergy.
http://www.leopoldina.org/en/publications/detailview/?publication[publication]=433
One must first define "Bioenergy" in terms. You can have biomaturity in 5 years an you can have it in 15 days, as a fuel source (such as microalgae) I do not think that the scarce forests worldwide, can contribute to renewable energy. The problem is in obsolete technology in energy consumers...Cars are more than 100's years old technology. Northern Hemisphere fuel heating consumption is worst than intrinsecally wastefull...
Resuming, if bioenergy can be constructed and planned for i.e. Desertic environments, it could be a plus; but in places like the Amazon would be selfcontradictory.
Hello, in Germany the National Academy of Sciences made a publication in 2012 "Bioenergy - Chances and Limits". This Study shows, that bioenergy - especially from forests not seems to be the priority in the furture. Especially see the supplement within this study: net primary production and bioenergy.
http://www.leopoldina.org/en/publications/detailview/?publication[publication]=433
I think that AC was used because of its long distance travel ability. DC . appliances are available for RVs, boats and automobiles. I have an HOn3 model Railroad with DCC but it is complicated and can short out much easier than the conventional DC. We use our windmill to sell the power back to the PUD. However it seems to be somewhat over engineered, converting DC to AC then back to DC and then returns to modulation and phasing to AC. I like the Idea of a DC home.
30 or 50 years from now, there will be a great war. Northern vegetation starved Northern Hemisphere (apart from Siberia) versus Southern hemisphere (Amazonia, Africa, Malasia etc.) I do hope I am wrong...
In an age of energy scarcity, the chief point about the whole concept of bioenergy and other types of renewable sources of energy is to utilize biomass from waste products and other low quality sources of energy and bottom of the barrel residues that may no longer be discarded. I hardly think that this applies to using the remaining forests as a source of biomass. As has been pointed out by one contributor, mankind has already removed about 50% of world forestry.
Maxwell Cotter ,
Pedro Flecha,
Hassan Al-Haj Ibrahim,
Sidney Clouston,
Thanks a lot!
Most of the world’s supply of bioethanol today comes from starch (as in maize grains) or sucrose (from sugarcane). However, lignocellulosic biomass represents a much more abundant feedstock for ethanol production and does not compete for use as food. Second-generation ethanol biofuels such as those derived from lignocellulosic biomass are becoming widely accepted as superior to first generation biofuels derived from food crops. The US Department of Energy (DOE) has committed over 1 billion dollars toward the realization of a 2012 goal of making lignocellulosic ethanol competitive at a cost of $1.33 per gallon.
Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol follows a common methodology which includes an initial pre-treatment step to enhance accessibility of cell wall polysaccharides to hydrolyzing enzymes, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides into component sugars, and finally fermentation of the monomeric sugars into ethanol.
Reference:
Bioethanol and biodiesel: Alternative liquid fuels for future generations, Eng. Life Sci., 2010, 10, 8-18.
DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200900061
I think to meet the feature energy needs, all the possible sources like left over forests biomass , biomass of agricultural crops in developing countries which presently underutilized also need to be put in effective utilization.
Energy from forest is sustainable only from seasonal trimming wastes and dedicated energy crops (poplar and willows).
In future renewable energy will come from solar , wind ,wave , ocean energy . Forests need to be preserved and not only managed as some claim . As for bio-fuel it is wrong to obtain it from food crops such as corn .Research is directed toward bio-fuel from waste agriculture and grass . Algae is a promising source of bio-energy since it grows rapidly in oceans with plenty of sunshine and carbon dioxide . So it does not only yield bio-fuel but it is useful to capture and sequester carbon dioxide which is causing climate change and it does not need a valuable agricultural land to grow on.
No ! The forests should be kept as a lung of the ecosystem. The renewable biomass resourches are to be represented by the forest residues, agricultural wastes and landscape trimming.
Definitely not, it should by no means become a priority in bioenergy production. Too much natural forest has already been converted to species-poor monoculture timberland of spruce, pine, Douglas fir, eucalytus, hybrid poplar etc pp. And this development is still going on, which sucks big time for biodiversity. Furthermore, a lot of forest is intensively used by removing too much of dead wood, which destroys all the species-rich small-scale habitats for a lot of wood-inhabiting animals (wood-feeding arthropods, fungy-feeding arthropods, bird feeding on wood-inhabiting bugs ...). This is plain wrong! The aim should be to reduce energy consumption and waste instead of ever producing more and more energy!
As all energy is, at the end measured with Eartly water behavior, of which behavior we know almost nothing; I think we should now more about water as an energy "marker"
Not ebigh efforts are mafe on that tasl.
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