Good afternoon :)
I want to bind carboxylic acid-SAM layer with protein having amino group.
In too many paper, coupling reagent is used for 'activation'.
I know that carboxyl group react with amino group and It is called peptide bond.
Using coupling reagent is necessary? then, What is role of coupling reagant and activation?
Carboxylic acids react with amino groups, but only under harsh conditions, if no catalyst is present or activation takes place. The equlibrium concentration is also on the reactant side (acid + amine) because of the acid-base reaction (protonation of the amino group, deprotonation of the acid). Coupling agents as EDC or DCC activate carboxylic acids under neutral and especially acidic conditions. An intermediate adduct of the coupling agent and the acid is formed, that is more unstable than the product (amide). Amines react also in aqu. solution when you use EDC (or even DCC) with carboxylic acids. There is an selectivity between amino groups and hydroxy groups where the amine reacts much faster. An activation with EDC (or DCC) should work in principle in this case and is a reliable method to realize such transformations.
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