In many developing countries the trend of female education rate is rising, the fertility rate is declining, and governmental support is increasing for the female labor market participation. Then, why females from those countries are withdrawing from the labor market?
The labour market is more attractive for male.
As Naushad Khan
pointed out, the wage gap may be a significant reason explaining this development. Next, you could also verify if the structure of female tertiary education by field of study is in line with the employment structure. The low correlation between the educational competences with those needed on the labour market may be a significant barrier in participating on the labor market.Also, review the educational attainment structure by gender. Check if the female is more oriented to the primary / secondary cycle and if the male to the tertiary education.
Moreover, this evolution may be justified if women study in areas for which there is no demand on the labour market.
You could also analyse the age structure of the population by gender and the divorce rate. Following an unhappy marriage, in most cases, children remain with their mothers which make this category of population to be more exposed to inequality and poverty. In some cases, mothers are forced to quit their job for taking care their children.
Am in line with Ionut Jianu Naushad Khan
Emancipation via the labor market does not work effectively for women, but there exist some more favorable economic sectors (e.g. health, education, small business), where the 'tradtional male dominance' is not so acute. With the professional advent of social intelligence and cognitive skills in engineering, for example, we will also see further progress, concerning the male/female ratio.
As the two previous researchers have mentioned the wage gap could be a factor however, what needs to be taken into account as well is the slow adaptability especially in African societies of the role of women. In as much as legislation has made it possible for women to participate in the labor force the pressures from society of what role they should play for example being homemakers may@ pose a challenge for them to participate in the labor force.
Women continue to work in the agricultural sector, livestock and as domestic workers, but are not recognized as labour force and hence do not fall under ILO. Women labour force has not declined, rather it has increased, but is not recognized officially or is not documented.
All of the above are pertinent. I would also want to know if the study included single entrepreneurs as participating in the labor market or only wage earners. I've seen in many countries that women will become entrepreneurs whose work and earnings do not appear in government statistics.
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