Why rice grains grown under higher temperature have significantly lower pH than grains grown under control condition?

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Abdullah S. Seddiek

The difference in pH between rice grains grown under higher temperature conditions and those grown under control conditions can be attributed to various factors:

Metabolic Activity: Higher temperatures can affect the metabolic activity of rice plants, including the production of organic acids. Increased metabolic activity can lead to higher levels of organic acids, such as lactic acid and acetic acid, which can lower the pH of the grains.

Fermentation: Rice grains undergo a process called anaerobic fermentation during development, where carbohydrates are converted into organic acids. Higher temperatures can accelerate this fermentation process, resulting in increased acid production and a decrease in pH.

Enzymatic Activity: Heat stress can alter the activity of enzymes involved in various metabolic processes within rice plants. These enzymes can affect the breakdown of carbohydrates and other compounds, leading to changes in pH.

Starch Hydrolysis: Under higher temperature conditions, there may be an increase in the activity of enzymes involved in starch hydrolysis. This hydrolysis process releases sugars, which are then fermented by microorganisms present in the grains. The fermentation of sugars can produce organic acids and contribute to a decrease in pH.

Microbial Activity: Higher temperatures can influence the composition and activity of microbial communities present on rice grains. Certain microorganisms, such as lactic acid bacteria, can produce organic acids as metabolic byproducts, leading to a decrease in pH.

It's important to note that the exact mechanisms and specific factors contributing to the lower pH of rice grains under higher temperature conditions may vary depending on the specific experimental conditions and rice cultivars. Further research and studies focusing on the metabolic and biochemical processes involved in rice grain development under different temperature regimes can provide more detailed insights into this phenomenon.

Gabriel Linder

Increased respiration: High temperatures accelerate the respiration rate of rice grains. During respiration, organic acids like citric acid and malic acid are produced as metabolic byproducts. These organic acids contribute to the lower pH of the grains.

Accelerated starch degradation: High temperatures can lead to increased activity of enzymes responsible for starch degradation in rice grains. This results in the breakdown of starch into simpler sugars like glucose. The metabolism of glucose produces organic acids, contributing to the lower pH of the grains.

Enhanced organic acid synthesis: Heat stress can stimulate the synthesis of organic acids in rice grains. Under high temperatures, the expression of genes related to organic acid synthesis may be upregulated. Organic acids, such as succinic acid and acetic acid, are known to lower pH, thus contributing to the acidic nature of the grains.

Reduced nutrient uptake: Heat stress can negatively affect nutrient uptake by rice plants. Imbalances in nutrient availability, particularly lower uptake of cations like potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+), can lead to increased accumulation of organic acids in the grains. The accumulation of organic acids can contribute to the lower pH.

Nargis Begum

High temperature increase the production of some organic acids in rice which lower it's pH however ,high temperatures effect the seed germination,pollen viability,flowering,reproductive biology.