Most causes of type 2 DM are secondary such as insulin function, insulin resistance, obesity, recycling of the receptors, GlucT4 trafficking, etc, even genetics impact depend on epigentics factors that includes, lifestyle, nutritional etc.
Kindly check https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/38/Supplement_1/S8
Difference between primary and secondary diabetes
When the diabetes occurs due to obvious another disease (secondary diabetes in steroid use, Cushing syndrome, acromegaly, pheochromocytoma, Glucagonoma, and obesity etc), the disease is usually reversible. However, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes occur mostly people who are genetically more predisposed to diabetes (due to HLA susceptibility, or familial factors) as a primary disease and is usually a progressive disease needing up-titration of treatment with increasing duration of disease. Although such patients can have worsening diabetic control with stress, infection, and drugs like steroids, the disease is not curable after treatment of such factors.
These article (1-2) may help you to understand types of diabetes and secondary diabetes further.
1. Article Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
2. Article Secondary diabetes
Thank you very much for the valuable discussion, secondary diabetes is rare. Genetic and environmental factors (broad terms) predispose those at risk to acquire both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes (90-95% of primary causes). Up to this moment, no exact cause for diabetes. Is it at the entry of food (GIT, the gut microbiota diversity and the cross-talk with the brain), before (brain and Psyche, when thinking about the food), or the liver, muscles, and central adipose tissue (can be viewed as an Endocrine organ). After that, at which level inside the cell?. The only specific antidiabetic medication metformin still in action even after blocking the AMPK pathway.
Best regards
Hyder
Type II diabetes is secondary to the over consumption of refined carbohydrate. i.e., flour and sugar. It occurs following obesity and continues via obsessive eating of flour and sugar containing foods.
Thank you, agreed with Mitchell V Kaminski , but it is not universal, some people never develop diabetes despite doing the same (overconsumption of refined sugar). Where is the defect that brought some to suffer from diabetes while the same is not observed in their counterparts?
Yes, Type 2 diabetes is more likely to be secondary to the mentioned factors. The discovery that Type 2 patients need insulin at later stages of the disease may urged the scientific community to hurriedly accept shifting from the old name, non-insulin dependent diabetes
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