The picture is a screenshot of the literature: 1. It illustrates the Crabelon equation derived from the second law of thermodynamics: the calculated heat of vaporization does not match the experiment.
The more precise the experiment, the more obvious the inconsistency between the second law of thermodynamics and the experiment.
3. Why would this happen? The second law of thermodynamics violates symmetry and conservation (which is the mainstream of natural science).
4，Some scientists are packaging the experimental deviations of these theories, and the data in the enthalpy entropy chart that everyone sees is completely consistent with the second law of thermodynamics, which is a deceptive illusion.
Warmth naturally disappears:Poster White Privilege Antiracist Razor
The second law of thermodynamics is a fundamental principle in physics that describes the direction of natural processes and sets limitations on the efficiency of heat engines. It can be stated in various forms, but one common statement is that in any spontaneous process, the total entropy of a closed system plus its surroundings will increase.
While the second law has been extraordinarily successful in explaining and predicting the behavior of systems, it's worth noting that there can be challenges in applying it universally to every situation, particularly at the microscopic level or in systems that are far from equilibrium.
One reason for potential inconsistencies with experiments could be the difficulty in precisely defining and measuring quantities like entropy, especially in systems with many particles or complex interactions. Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system, and its calculation often relies on statistical mechanics, which involves making statistical assumptions about the behavior of particles.
Additionally, at the microscopic level, there are instances where the behavior of individual particles may seem to violate the second law, leading to discussions about statistical fluctuations and the arrow of time. However, these apparent violations typically occur on very short timescales or involve very small systems and do not contradict the overall validity of the second law for macroscopic systems.
As for symmetry and conservation, the second law doesn't strictly require these properties. Symmetry and conservation principles are important in physics, but the second law is more about the directionality of processes rather than symmetries or conservations.
Overall, while the second law of thermodynamics has been extremely successful in describing the behavior of macroscopic systems, there are still ongoing debates and research efforts to understand its implications at smaller scales or in more complex systems. These discussions often lead to deeper insights into the nature of thermodynamics and the behavior of physical systems.
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