Why FMD disease appear in severe outbreak recent years in the middle East?

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Ishtiaq Ahmed

A new serotype (SAT-2) has been reported in the region.

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1135999/Foot_and_Mouth_Disease_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa.pdf

Mohamed Abd El-Fatah Mahmoud

FMD virus is a single-stranded RNA and has 7 serotypes, each serotype has numerous genotypes and within the genotype itself, there are many topotypes. there is no cross-protection between the serotypes meanwhile there is a low or no cross-protection between the genotypes. vaccine matching is usually applied after the crisis occurs and needs highly efficient technical support, especially from the reference labs.