It is found that, when the blood from Human infected with Plasmodium falciparum is injected into the Chimpanzee, they don't show any severe effect as in Human and similarly when the blood from Chimp infected with P. reichnowi is injected into Human doesn't show infection.
Although Human and Chimp shared last common ancestor 6 Mya, however ther are large numbers of morphological, biochemical and anatomical diffeneces among these two lineages. For instance human can speak and Chimp cannot. The reason is that genomes of these two species diverged considerably over the last 6 My. In particular Immune related genes underwent independ episodes of positive selection in these two animals.
Thank you Amir Abbasi,
But your answer is not specific for the question.. As the Malarial parasites are also specific to Chimp and Human.. how they developed in the specific manner.. As P. rechinowi is specific to Chimp infection but the P. falciparum is specic to the Human infection. What is the Phylogenetics of Malarial parasites?
Parasite virulence, i.e. the damage done to the host, may be a by-product of the
parasite’s effort to maximize its fitness. Accordingly, several life-history trade-offs may
explain interspecific differences in virulence, but such constraints remain little tested in an evolutionary context. According to my information (which might not be enough ) The origin of Plasmodium falciparum, the etiological agent of the most dangerous forms of human malaria, remains controversial. However thr is some phylogenetic evidence which suggests that . P. falciparum did not originate from P. reichenowi of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), but rather evolved in bonobos (Pan paniscus), from which it subsequently colonized humans by a host-switch. I think, yet, a lot needs to be done to answer your question.
Thank you Amir, Yes more evolutionary perspectives are not clear about the ancestor of these parasites ans also co-evolution of human and P. falciparum. But the molecular basis are may able to differentiate these relations. As the gene coding the enzyme Hydrolase, CMAH are founded to be associated with the specific susceptibility of Erythrocyte binding antigen. There are Sia dependent mechanism involved in the differential susceptibility.. we can determine the genetic history behind this pattern.. Lets see soon we will get the detail picture of this mystery.. Thank you
Dear Bivek....Hope you will be the one to elucidate genetic/molecular/evolutionary basis of this interesting mechanism.
Thank you Joachim.. It was suggested that the Plasmodium falciparum was transmitted from Bunobos (Pan paniscus) not from the P. reichnowi from Chimpanzee.
PLoS Pathogens | www.plospathogens.org 1 February 2010 | Volume 6 | Issue 2 | e1000765
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