Asteroids leave "impact craters" or "crater chains" and comets probably leave things like "Carolina Bay" and "Tunguska". Wikipedia summarizes these very well with some preliminary literature information.

Rocks that are hit by asteroids are basically vaporized, the remainder behaves like a slow speed video of a drop of water falling on water giving rise to a central peak and peak rings around the center.

http://ottawa-rasc.ca/wiki/index.php?title=Odale-Articles-Crater_Identification

Dear David,

A lot of literature exists dealing with the topic you are interested in. Here are just a few examples:

French, B.M. (1998). Traces of Catastrophe. Lunar and Planetary Institute. Retrieved 2007-05-20.

ANN M. THERRIAULT – RICHARD A. F. GRIEVE – MARK PILKINGTON. The recognition of terrestrial impact structures. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, Vol. 77, No. 4, 253–263, 2002.

B.M. French and C. Köberl. The convincing identification of terrestrial meteorite impact features: What works, what doesn’t, and why. Earth-Science Reviews 98(1):123-170 · January 2010.

and many others...

I assume, you are searching for literature on terrestrial impact structures. I recommend the following page:

http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/

On this page, you can find the most important literature available for each (confirmed) terrestrial impact crater you are interested in.

By the way, rocks hit by an asteroid are not neccessarily vaporized, These rocks can also be melted (impact mekt breccias or Impact melt rocks) or just brecciated (impact breccias).

All the best

Elmar

Thanks!  It seems I am onto something very new, so looking for anyone with pertinent ideas.