You can use district level datasets, and merge them with the population data available. And, do a slums to non-slums classification on a fine resolution image. Then, for making maps you can use the same image. You can use Landsat (as freely available).
choosing high resolution images will be the best options. as Dr. Meena mam said..google images are one of good best options to go for classification of slum and non-slum areas.
Free satelite data could be obtained from the MODIS satellites (Aqua, Terra) with a 250m resolution at an 8-days interval (It takes 16 days for every satellite to cover the entire globe) or Sentinel satellites with as much as a 10m resolution and 6-days interval (It takes 12-days for every satellite to cover the entire globe).
You can find more information regarding the MODIS satellites and their products here:http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/
You can download MODIS satellite data from here: http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
You can find more information about the Sentinel satellites and its available datasets here: https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-1/overview
Used high resolutions images like quick bird to detect the unplanned area like slumps most especially 10m resolutions you can be able to identified many features.
If you have consistent terrain data (field data), you can use different satellite products for your analysis. Like present in the last posts (Modis, Landsat, Sentinel, in Very High Resolution are Pleiades, SPOT 6/7, Quickbird...).
Your terrain data (field data) can help you to validate your Earth Observation results and this is essential.
The #Copernicus Program of European Comission - EC and European Space Agency - ESA is a useful option for your study and is freely of download and use too. You only need to register as user in this link:
https://scihub.copernicus.eu/dhus/#/home
After you can search your study zone in the map and you can see the availability of data for your area.
For software about pre-processing and work with this type of images, you can use SNAP, or NEST, or PolsarPro (SAR processing):
http://step.esa.int/main/download/
Personally, I use this type of data for time series water (surfaces, inondations, droughts) and forest monitoring in South America and China, with useful results.
The principal characteristic of this type of Earth Observation Data is her High resolution and High frequency data, then you can have images of your study area each 12 days or 24 days and in the near future each 5 days (year 2017, 2018, ..), then this information offer a “real time monitoring” of your specific needs.
About Sentinel's images:
Sentinel-1 images are radar data (sometimes a little difficult to understand, but very useful, because they capture images in all weather time) the resolution are 10 metres or more... Sentinel-1A provides images after December 2014 and Sentinel-1B images after 2016.
Sentinel-2 is an optical Satellite that have a resolution of 10 meters, 20 m or 60 m, this is useful because is "like a picture" or "like you see when you take a picture with your camera or phone mobile", but in this case this picture is take in the space, whereas remote sensing involves many different types of radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum. Then you can understand the usability of the image for your study area.
And Sentinel-3 is in the beginning of her work, then you need to attends some months to have images with this satellite in your area.
In the image attached bellow, one example of sentinel-1 data available for your area.
And here a link of researchers that work like you in slum areas in your country: https://www.gim-international.com/content/article/slum-identification-using-high-resolution-satellite-data