Which microorganisms enrich the soil with nutrients and role of microorganisms in maintaining health of organisms and ecosystems?
Some beneficial microorganisms, such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Azotobacter, have been proven to be of great potential in plant.
These microbes are called as biofertilizers.
Microorganisms have several vital roles in ecosystems: decomposition, oxygen production, evolution, and symbiotic relationships. Decomposition is where dead animal or plant matter is broken down into more basic molecules. Microbes improve soil fertility and enhance nutrient absorption and utilization of MPs by decomposing plant residues, increasing organic matter content and promoting nutrient availability. In order to be of greatest benefit to our plants, the soil must be nutrient-rich and filled with living organisms. Such a process of enrichment of soil with nutrients as soil replenishment. The microorganisms that help in enriching the nutrient content of the soil are called biofertilizers. Biofertilizers are the organisms that make the nutrients available to the plants by increasing the availability of nutrients in the soil. Examples of biofertilizers: Rhizobium, Azospirillium. To access these nutrients, plants are dependent on the growth of soil microbes such as bacteria and fungi, which possess the metabolic machinery to depolymerize and mineralize organic forms of N, P, and S. The most significant effect of the microbes on earth is their ability to recycle the primary elements that make up all living systems, especially carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen (N). Primary production involves photosynthetic organisms which take up CO2 from the atmosphere and convert it to organic (cellular) material. Both fungi and bacterial inocula increase the nutrient availability in the soil solution through organic matter decomposition, N fixation, P, K and Fe mobilization. Soil microorganisms are responsible for most of the nutrient release from organic matter. When microorganisms decompose organic matter, they use the carbon and nutrients in the organic matter for their own growth. They release excess nutrients into the soil where they can be taken up by plants. Beneficial soil microbes perform fundamental functions such as nutrient cycling, breaking down crop residues, and stimulating plant growth. While the role of microbes to maintain soil health and contribute to crop performance is clear, the soil biological component is extremely difficult to observe and manage.
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