How do I justify the sample size in a phenomenology study design used in my PhD Thesis?
Sample size determination in phenomenological studies does not involve statistical calculations, as it is not concerned with generalizing findings to a larger population. Instead, the goal is to achieve saturation, which is when data collection reaches a point where new data no longer provide additional information or insight. Thus, decisions about sample size are often made based on the principle of saturation.
In justifying the sample size in your phenomenology study design for your PhD thesis, you may want to describe your sampling strategy (e.g., how participants were selected), how the sample size was determined (e.g., whether saturation was achieved), and how this sample size relates to the scope and purpose of your research question. Additionally, you may want to discuss any limitations or challenges related to your sample size and how these were addressed or mitigated.
It is important to note that sample size determination in qualitative research, including phenomenology, is often a topic of debate, and there is no universal formula or consensus on how to determine the "right" sample size. Instead, it is recommended that researchers be transparent about their sampling strategies and make decisions based on the goals and aims of their research project.
I agree with the answer by AS, and would only add there is the concept of transferability, which is similar to generalizability, but that is also achieved via the process of providing "thick descriptions" i.e. very detailed notes, etc. on your data gathering process. As well, you want to make sure all the stakeholder groups are represented.
Qualitative researchers are often allergic to the idea of sample size calculation. On the other hand, both from a sampling and from and ethical perspective you want to make sure that the sample doesn't have any important omissions. Whose voices are needed to make sure everyone is heard? So in my opinion it's not the size of the sample so much as the coverage of the study domain.
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