The maps of land form changes are of great significance for infrastructure development. I have a set of spatial data about the soil properties with the geographical locations. Which software is recommended to generate the maps?
Depending what you want to do, R has many libraries that can also help. I would tend to side with pure GIS solutions as suggested above, but depending what you were doing, R could serve your purposes.
It depends on your project, but I would suggest QGIS, it is free and Open Source, it has many tools and can work with Python, very useful to analysis purpose.
You may want to use GeoTools. If you are comfortable with java, I'd definitely recommend. It belongs to the The Open Source Geospatial Foundation, for which QGis belongs to also; and there more platforms, tools etc in that foundation also. If you are going to develop special spatial routines, waay below it uses Vividsolutions's JTS topology suite, and you can program it also using java. Besides, you can have it up and running in eclipse or netbeans, since they have maven integration.
Another point: You can embed the gis tool as java beans into another program too. ie: map at the left, table to the right.
In my experience (predominantly technical projects) , the best available options for mapping (layout, symbology) are ARCGIS and QGIS. I am not referring to spatial analysis, only mapping. Usually, I do the spatial analysis using R, Grass, Saga, Idrisi... but I have mapped all the results in ArcGIS (Layout, Simbology). However, QGIS has improve a lot in the last years. If you want to mapping your scientific results QGIS is enough.