Dear Osaid,

Please read the folllowing text:

Projectile Vomiting: is a vomiting with the material ejected with great force; seen commonly in congenital pyloric obstruction.

Projectile vomiting just means that there is more force behind the emesis so the emesis (barf) is projected out. The fact is that all emesis is projected. It heads in a certain direction with a certain amount of foce or flow, but this term suggests that the emesis is being expelled with more force so it can come out much quicker, abrubtly and with more force so it can travel a longer distance. Ther is no standard definition. That is to say that no one has said that if your barf travels at this speed and with this much force than you qualify as projectile.

Projectile vomiting may make one consider some diagnosis over others, however it is not truly used a means to differentiate between diagnosis.

This information shows the various causes of Projectile vomiting similar to pyloric stenosis, and how common these diseases or conditions are in the general population. This is not a direct indication as to how commonly these diseases are the actual cause of Projectile vomiting similar to pyloric stenosis, but gives a relative idea as to how frequent these diseases are seen overall.

2 diseases that are "common".

5 diseases that are "very rare".

27 diseases without any prevalence information.

Causes of Projectile vomiting similar to pyloric stenosis that are common

The following causes of Projectile vomiting similar to pyloric stenosis are diseases or conditions that affect more than 1 million people in the USA:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Nephrolithiasis

Causes of Projectile vomiting similar to pyloric stenosis that are very rare

The following causes of Projectile vomiting similar to pyloric stenosis appear in the population at a rate of substantially less than 200,000 people per year in the USA:

Brain tumor

Cholera

Hydrocephalus

Meningitis

Phenylketonuria

Causes of Projectile vomiting similar to pyloric stenosis without any prevalence information

The following causes of Projectile vomiting similar to pyloric stenosis are ones for which we do not have any prevalence information.

Acute intracranial hemorrhage

Brain tumor

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Duodenal atresia

Duodenal stenosis

Duodenal web

Encephalitis

Eosinophilic enteropathy

Gastric outlet obstruction

Gastric outlet obstruction due to chronic granulomatous disease

Gastric outlet obstruction due to gastric tumour

Gastric outlet obstruction due to peptic ulceration near pylorus

Gastric volvulus

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Head injury

Hiatus hernia

Hydrocephalus

Hypercalcemia

Jejunal atresia

Lead encephalopathy

Meningitis

Peptic ulcer disease

Pyelonephritis

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Urinary tract obstruction

Wolman disease

All Causes of Projectile vomiting similar to pyloric stenosis

The full list of all possible causes for Projectile vomiting similar to pyloric stenosis described in various sources is as follows:

Acute intracranial hemorrhage

Brain tumor

Cholera

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Duodenal atresia

http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/symptoms/projectile_vomiting_similar_to_pyloric_stenosis/common.htm

Projectile Vomiting | Causes in Babies, Children and Adults

Posted by Dr. Chris

What is Projectile Vomiting?

Projectile vomiting is vomit that exits the mouth with such force in that it is propelled over a short but significant distance. It is often sudden with excessive vomitus passed out in each attack.

Nausea usually does not precede projectile vomiting and it can occur suddenly without any indication of discomfort or gastrointestinal upset. However, the term ‘projectile vomiting‘ is often used quite indiscriminately to refer to any type of severe vomiting. For it to be termed asprojectile, the pressure has to be significantly high within the gut and the vomitus has to be propelled a distance away from the body ( sometime even several feet). Overall, projectile vomiting is quite violent.

As explained under the process of vomiting, the contractions that propel the upper gut contents out as vomitus starts from as low as the middle of the small intestine. Depending on the rate and intensity of the contraction, vomiting can be fairly forceful.

 Causes of Projectile Vomiting

Projectile vomiting is often associated with gastric outlet obstruction. This is where the passage of the stomach contents into the small intestine is either partially or completely obstructed. However, any very strong stimulus that triggers the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) or vomit centers in the medulla could possibly result in projectile vomiting.

The following causes need to be taken into account in babies, children and adults :

Gastric or bowel obstruction

Other causes of delayed gastric emptying

Raised intracranial pressure, especially if it is of sudden onset

Poisoning

Overeating (force feeding)

Gastric outlet obstruction is discussed below in terms of more likely causes in infants or children and adults.

Raised intracranial pressure may occur due to a number of reasons. Hydrocephalus, intracranial bleeding (hemorrhage), tumor or infections like meningitis or encephalitis need to be considered as possible causes. Raised intracranial pressure should always be investigated in vomiting following head injury.

Overeating, whether voluntary or forced, if sudden can cause significant distension of the esophagus, stomach and/or duodenum and impair gut motility.

Projectile Vomiting in Infants and Children

In infants and children, stomach or bowel obstruction is one of the more common causes of projectile vomiting. With newborn babies and infants, gastric outlet obstruction is often due to pyloric stenosis. This is often congenital and is usually seen within the first 3 months of birth. It typically presents with forceful vomit that does not contain bile. However, if the obstruction lies distal to the pylorus, as in duodenal atresia, the vomitus may contain bile (bile vomit).

Intussusception, Hirschsprung’s disease and malrotation need to be considered as well.

In toddlers and older children, an ingested foreign object may cause an obstruction within the upper gut. Abdominal pain of sudden onset which aggravates upon eating or attempting to defecate and is tender to touch should raise the question about a foreign object. This is more common among toddlers than other age groups. Ingestion of caustic substances may also be a cause.

Projective Vomiting in Adults

Gastric outlet obstruction is also a common cause of projectile vomiting in adults but often for different reasons from that of infants. Peptic ulcer disease, gallstone obstruction (Bouveret syndrome) or gastric or duodenal polyps are more likely causes.

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The intake of certain toxins in poisoning, either intentional or accidental, may cause excessive irritation of the gut lining, thereby triggering a strong response from the vomiting centers and resulting in projectile vomiting. In small doses, however, these poisons may enter the system unnoticed.

The use of emetics, either in patients with eating disorders or sometimes used culturally for purging, may also trigger projectile vomiting. These practices are usually discouraged as the chances of complication like a Mallory-Weiss tear or eosophageal rupture is significantly high if excessive amounts or frequent use of an emetic is the norm.

Rare or Unusual Causes and Considerations

Rare or unusual causes may include psychogenic causes. Extreme fear or shock may produce sufficiently strong stimuli to trigger forceful or violent vomiting. In children, abuse has to always be a consideration. Highly disturbing and unpleasant images or sounds could also lead to violent vomiting. While rare, for projectile vomiting to occur due to psychogenic causes, the stimulus or intensity of emotion has to be extreme and the person has to have eaten within a short period prior to the event.

Shaken baby syndrome may cause sudden increase in intracranial pressure or spinal cord injury, both of which may contribute to projectile vomiting.

Kidney problems may lead to a number of changes in blood pH and composition (acidosis, uremia). Some of these substances, when in high concentrations, could prove to be strong stimulating factors for the chemoreceptor trigger zone.

Related Articles

Headache, Nausea and Vomiting

Bile Vomit

Blood in Vomit

Dizziness and Nausea

http://www.healthhype.com/projectile-vomiting-causes-in-babies-children-and-adults.html

Hoping this will be helpful,

Rafik

Thank you so much prof. Rafik,

Regards,

Osaid, Gaza