I think aluminum alloys, copper are the best, Copper is a popular choice for heat exchangers in industrial facilities. Its high thermal conductivity allows heat to pass through it quickly. Copper has additional properties desirable in heat exchangers including resistance to corrosion, biofouling, stress and thermal expansion.

Aluminum can also be used in some heat exchanger applications as a more cost-effective alternative.

Thank you Horimek Abderrahmane for your answer for my question.

However, my interest in specific would be materials for gas turbines, IC engine and compressors which would help to enhance the performance characteristics and thermal efficiency.

Different requirements for optimizing the heat exchanger are set today. In addition to endurance of high temperature materials, corrosion resistance and aggressive media, the reduction of weight of the heat exchanger is often required. It is necessary to ensure a satisfactory thermal conductivity of the heat exchanger material.

Today a heat exchanger is made of graphite, carbon-foam, polymers, ceramics, or composites. High temperature composite heat exchangers offer the potential for mass reductions of more than fifty percent over traditional metallic designs.

Materials such as KFOAM have yielded a thermal conductivity similar to alumina at one-fifth of the density along with a coefficient of thermal expansion that is close to silicon while the porous graphite grade POCO HTC has two-thirds of the thermal conductivity of copper at just one tenth weight.

Thank you Maiden Bosnjakovic for your answer. The materials for heat exchangers are discussed sufficiently (not inside parts). What could be the materials or alloys or composites for other thermal equipment like Internal combustion engines (IC engines), gas turbines etc.? What could be the latest materials or alloys or composites used?

Thank you Mladen Bošnjaković and Horimek Abderrahmane for your answers.

Alloys may be the best, which could be used for heat transfer equipment, since the strength and material properties be improved.

For making of heat transfer equipment, alloys are best as far as my knowledge is concerned, because of its strength, temperature withstanding ability and withstanding stresses.

Thank you @Nirmala S.V.S.G. for following.

For heat transfer equipment out of metals, alloys and composites, alloy is the best, since the strength is improved, can sustain stresses and withstand high temperatures.

Out of metals, alloys and composites, I definitely feel alloys are best suited for making of heat transfer equipment. The reason being, this can sustain higher temperature and can work efficiently.

Alloys are best suited for thermal equipment since there is a possibility of getting high heat transfer for withstanding high temperatures.

Heat transfer equipment involves high temperature to handle and sustain itself. For instance, internal combustion engines when thermal efficiency is to be increased, alloys are best other than metals or composites for getting high heat transfer.

The manufacture of thermal or heat transfer equipment are by means of metals or alloys or composites. In order that heat transfer should take place effectively and should maintain and resist high temperatures, alloys serve the purpose when compared to metals or composites.

Metals, alloys and composites are used for manufacture of different equipments. In order to manufacture a heat transfer or thermal equipment, surely, alloys are the best.

Metals and alloys are used to manufacture thermal or heat transfer equipment. To withstand high pressure and high temperature, alloys are used.

The improvement of properties can be got from alloys when compared to metals since it has certain composition of elements. This enhances to get the higher performance of the thermal equipment. Long term usage will be there and also equipment becomes effective in operation

Metals, alloys and composites are being studied in mechanical and metallurgical engineering to understand their withstanding capability of pressure, temperature and corrosion. Hence, owing to the above all, alloys are preferred and are used for thermal equipment.

Metals in previous years are used to manufacture thermal equipment. To withstand high pressures and temperatures, now a days, aluminium alloys, copper alloys etc. have become successful, in the ranges of pressures and temperatures.

I agree with Pisipaty Srinivas Kishore

Thank you Afraa Ibrahim for your answer.

Thanks ,I agree

Thank you Balqees Al-Musawi for your answer.

Many industries in olden days use metals to manufacture equipment. The development has taken place in current years to see and develop a metal so that this can withstand, high pressures and temperatures having less weight. These are called to be alloys.

Metals, alloys and composites are creating interest in studies to make suit for various applications. Composites can be made from fibre, metals are prepared from elements and alloys are addition of suitable elements to a metal to increase strength as well as to sustain high temperature. Hence, alloys are generally used in thermal equipment.

Researchers have gone towards invention or innovation of materials to support high pressures and temperatures of thermal equipment. In this, they found that adding elements to a particular material leads to enhancement of characteristics of material properties called as alloys, which in turn, leads to increase in thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines as well as increase in heat transfer coefficient of thermal equipment.

Metals, alloys and composites are being used in daily life by all of us. For thermal equipment, alloys are used since the equipment can withstand fluctuations of pressures and temperatures.

It may helpful.

https://tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01457632.2012.659613?src=recsys&journalCode=uhte20

Thank you Abdul Kuddus for your answer. Instead of sending link, try to write something relevant. Hope that looks better for me.

Out of the three, that is metals, alloys and composites, alloys are chosen as the best material since, elements can be added to a metal to get good strength, withstand high temperatures and pressures.

Heat transfer equipment should bear or withstand high temperatures and pressures. Hence out of metals, alloys and composites, alloys are generally and preferred to use.

I think aluminum alloys, copper are the best, Copper is a popular choice for heat exchangers in industrial facilities. Its high thermal conductivity allows heat to pass through it quickly. Copper has additional properties desirable in heat exchangers including resistance to corrosion, biofouling, stress and thermal expansion.

Aluminum can also be used in some heat exchanger applications as a more cost-effective alternative.

Thank you Isam Issa Omran for your answer.

Heat transfer equipments when manufactured earlier used metals but as the advancements have taken place, alloys and composites have come. Since, in heat transfer as thermal variations will be there and existing, alloys can solve the problem. Hence out of the above three, alloys could be the best choice.

Metals, alloys and composites are all good prepared materials and are used for different purposes. For heat transfer equipment, so many materials are prepared, out of which alloys are found suitable in terms of bearing strength, pressure withstanding capability and temperatures.