As hydrogen bonding is one of the important parameter for shale hydration inhibition with water, what happens after this bonding?
like when clay mineral charges are neutralized by hydrogen bonds and cation exchange reactions between inhibitor and minerals, does the adsorption of inhibitor layer on shale surface count as swelling? Because it will somehow increase the size of original formation due to adsorption.
How to address this issue.
Muhammad Adeem Abbas
Let's imagine a piece of shale . This porous material in the pores is oil (you are interested in it), water, all shale minerals are hydrated. If there are ions, they are bound to water by an ion / dipole interaction; to molecules with a covalent bond, water is bound by a dipole / dipole interaction. Water molecules are hydrogen bonded to each other. If you add water to a piece of shale, it will swell due to the diffusion of water until equilibrium is established. The absorbed water will be distributed over all internal equilibrium states.