Dear colleague Md. Faruk Hossain

Have a nice time and good day.

You don't mentioned to the value of the annealing temperature!! any how by heating the film

the oxygen vacancies can be generated because of oxygen of TiO2 films being free and releases to surroundings introducing pores and unsaturated bonds or defects or localized

electronic states in the energy gap of TiO2 films. By increasing the oxygen vacancies, the electron

concentration also increases in the energy gap region and some of the localized electronic states approaching the conduction band are minimum. Such this issue reduces the conductivity of the films and also increases the porosity.

I wish this is useful and help you.

Yours

A. El-Denglawey

Most metals oxidize when annealed in air.

at First you review previous studies and results concerning the effects of voids on mechanical ,thermal and conductivity properties and the ways of reducing void content. (see can you paper ...Effect of bubble based degradation on the physical properties of Single Wall Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Resin composite and new approach in bubbles reduction. Aug 2016 · Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing Seyyed Alireza Hashemi · Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi ) .

performed on two different nano tube composite materials with the aim of assessing the effect of void content on mechanical mechanical ,thermal and conductivity properties of thick unidirectional laminates and to determine an optimal curing pressure route by vacuum shok method .