Characterization of gold nanoparticles obtained by reducing gold ions with reducing agents from bacteria is complicated by a large number of impurities. Therefore, you need to wash these impurities in a test tube on a centrifuge with ethyl alcohol or acetone, dry. Then you can characterize them by TEM, DLS, UV-visible spectrum and other methods.
Article Kinetics and mechanism of the interaction between HAuCl4 and rutin
After removal of impurities and vaccum drying of material, powdered nano material is ready to characterized. For the identification and characterization of gold nanostructures, you can use UV-VIS spectroscopy, XRD, HR- TEM etc.
Raman spectroscopy, or you can analyze the intrinsic plasmonic band of gold nanoparticles through UV-Vis spectroscopy, measure the Z potential, or even perform a Mie-Gans analysis.