The climate-smart agriculture (CSA) concept developed by FAO in the year 2010 (FAO, 2013), which is originated in response to the realisation that agriculture in developing countries must undergo profound transformations to meet food security and climate change challenges. CSA emphasise on more production and agricultural resilience to climate disruptions. As for example, “Sahel Re-greening Initiative” in Niger (to change the microclimate and improve soil fertility, increase standing biomass and enhance farmers’ incomes and livelihoods) and “Intermittent Paddy Rice Irrigation” or ‘sustainable rice intensification’ (reducing water consumption, decomposition of organic matter mitigation and boosting yields and quality). In other words, it generally focused on sustainable water and soil conservation and management. It advocates integration of various agricultural activities, such as combining crop and livestock farming, paddy fish farming, and agroforestry (Manley and Cowan, 2016).
According to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, CSA practices are those that contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation, and build the resilience of agricultural ecosystems. The main aims of CSA practices are :
1. Sustainably increasing agricultural productivity, to support equitable increases in farm incomes, food security and development;
2. Adapting and building resilience of agricultural and food security systems to climate change at multiple levels; and
3. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture (including crops, livestock and fisheries).
Hence, it is the need of the hour to support CSA Practices all over the wold irrespective whether developed or developing countries.
The policy is very important Possible Effects of Global Climate Change on Agricultural Extension and Politics https://www.academia.edu/12997249/Küresel_İklim_Değişikliğinin_Tarım_Yayımı_ve_Politikaları_Üzerine_Olası_Etkileri_Possible_Effects_of_Global_Climate_Change_on_Agricultural_Extension_and_Politics