For a rasearch and/or source recommentation/provision about organic additives for semen diluents particularly in bees and/fish .
Many thanks, Omer
In regards to Lipid: Cell membranes are altered in response to cooling with rearrangements and phase transitions that are only partially reversible. Essentially cell membranes become “leaky”. Membranes that contain greater ratios of sterol to phospholipid are more resistant during cryopreservation. Freezing and thawing results in lipid membrane changes and cells can take up lipid from the surrounding environment. Often egg yolk is added to media for this purpose and even egg yolk alone is protective. So lipid is added to protect cells.
Sugars are used to reduce the extracellular salt concentration. During freezing pure ice forms leaving behind salts which cause osmotic damage to cells. Sugars reduce this.
In regards to bees and fish or indeed any cells. There are species and individual differences to contend with. With expensive animals like stallions they often first try several different freezing protocols to work out which works best with that individual animal. So you see, a blanket model of bees or fish is unlikely to be the best method for whatever animals you are working with.
Try this link
http://www.fao.org/3/i3017e/i3017e04.pdf
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