As the Covid-19 is reaching its peak in Haiti, we have many models of mask in use. The people use particularly reusable washable tissue mask when they are going out (handmade, factory tissue mask, some of them use bandana handkerchief). Some of them have filters.

Health workers use surgical masks, 3M N95 or some N95 without other precision.

FOr the PPE , i do not have the precision unfortunately . Some of them use isolation jumpsuit; other use isolation gowns. But I can not be very precise with this part of the question. sorry.

I think Surgical Mask has been used the most!

Hi

Please check the following work. I believe it will help you.

Regards

Judith Exantus Md Sazal Miah Mokhaled N. A. Al-Hamadani

Thanks for your informative answer

Judith Exantus thanks for sharing detailed information about Haiti

and Md Sazal Miah thanks for the paper

Dear Md.Mehedi Hasan Apu,

Detail about mask and PPE are available in the text given below.

Personal protective equipment has become an important and emotive subject during the current corona virus (COVID -19) epidemic. COVID -19 is predominantly caused by contact or droplet transmission attributed to relatively large respiratory particles which are subject to gravitational forces and travel only approximately one meter from the patient. Personal protective equipment is an important component, but only one part, of a system protecting staff and other patients from COVID -19 cross -infection. Appropriate use significantly reduces risk of viral transmission. Personal protective equipment should logically be matched to the potential mode of viral transmission occurring during patient care – contact, droplet, or airborne. Recommendations from international organizations are broadly consistent, but equipment use is not. Only airborne precautions include a fitted high -filtration mask, and this should be reserved for aerosol -generating procedures.

Mask and PPE

A fluid-resistant (Type-IIR) surgical face masks is used to protect against droplets. If worn by the patient, it will minimise dispersal of large respiratory droplets which will protect staff against both droplet and contact transmission. If worn by staff, it will protect against droplet transmission, when within 1-2 m of the patient. Risk reduction by at least 80% is estimated. The terms filtering facepiece FFP2, FFP3 and N95 are used in reference to high performance filtering masks. Filtration is achieved by a combination of a web of polypropylene microfibres and electrostatic charge.

The N95 designation means that under test conditions (certified under 42 CFR 84 of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the United States CDC), the respirator blocks at least 95% of solid and liquid aerosol test particles. The N, R and P masks describe their increasing resistance to oils but the number (95, 99 or 100) refers to the minimum percentage of particles filtered under test conditions. Filtration performance during use is likely to be higher than indicated, as testing is undertaken in the ‘worse case setting’ of high air flow and using high penetrating aerosols (0.3 µm diameter).NIOSH-approved N95 filtering face piece respirator or higher is widely used.

Contact precaution PPE is appropriate for staff in the same room as patients with COVID -19, and where aerosol generating procedures are not undertaken, but who remain more than two metres from the patient (some sources state one metre but that allows no margin for error. FFP1, FFP2 and FFP3 these are 4-, 10- and 20-fold, respectively. In the detail of the standard it states that the total inward leak of particles must not exceed in 92% of exercise tests: 25% for FFP1; 11% for FFP2; and 5% for FFP3. It also states that the mean inward leak in 8 of 10 wearers should not exceed: 22% for FFP2; 8% for FFP2; and 2% for FFP3 masks. Finally, the penetration of test aerosols, both saline and paraffin oils, should not exceed: 20% for FFP1; 6% for FFP2; and 1% for FFP3 masks. These tests to be performed on masks as delivered and during simulated use. The overall filter efficiency of FFP1, FFP2 and FFP3 masks is 80%, 94% and 99%. The PPE used in each setting should be appropriate to the mode of infection. Currently multiple terms are used to describe PPE, which seem undefined, inconsistently used and do not match PPE to the modes of infection transmission.

Ashish

I think if you want to assess globaly cotton made masks had been used the most. For health workers and those in the frontline N95 mask and surgical masks were used the most.