The Socratic method, also known as maieutics, method of elenchus, elenctic method, or Socratic debate is my favorite technique to improve students' and clients' critical thinking. Look at the passage we have in our paper as a suggestion for Miss B:
To foster critical thinking I'll provide opportunities for students' thinking to go awry. Then, to the extent necessary, I'll scaffold the experience to lead them to correct our thinking. As a concrete example, I teach Introductory Psychology, and one very basic lesson is, "correlation does not imply causality." It's so well known most of my students "know" that before I even introduce it in class. But about 6 times throughout the semester, I set up situations where we'll arrive at causal conclusions based on correlational data. At first, they rarely notice without me asking them explicitly if there's any reason to be skeptical of our conclusion. Now that the semester is almost over, students spontaneously noticed the issue last week. And some still understood when I pushed back and said, "wait, it's a longitudinal study so maybe we *can* conclude causality now?" We can't. Two students could even explain why that reasoning is wrong with a concrete example. I've used the same approach while teaching physics. Hope this helps some, Ebaa. ~ Kevin
"What techniques have you found effective to help students improve critical thinking skills?"-- You ask
The so called Soctatic method is considered to be a good method for this purpose (see, for example, Béatrice's response above).
I also think that the actives methods are good for this purpose. In contrast with the traditional or conservative methods, in the active methods teachers are more mentors and organizers of learning experiences and situations such that students come to understand, reinvent ans reconstruct everything they learn than simply transmitters of ready made and established truths imposed on students from outside. Actives methods' ultimate goal is to give rise to creators and innovators, not to conforrmist people. In the traditional methods of teaching students are there to passively accept what is taught to them. In the active methods, sudents are there to to engage with an active exchange of perspectives with their teachers.